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In recent years, significant progress has been made in deep model-based automatic speech recognition (ASR), leading to its widespread deployment in the real world. At the same time, adversarial attacks against deep ASR systems are highly…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-04 Christian Heider Nielsen , Zheng-Hua Tan

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities across various fields, yet their increasing use raises critical security concerns. This article reviews recent literature addressing key issues in LLM security, with a focus…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Benji Peng , Keyu Chen , Ming Li , Pohsun Feng , Ziqian Bi , Junyu Liu , Xinyuan Song , Qian Niu

Large language models play a crucial role in modern natural language processing technologies. However, their extensive use also introduces potential security risks, such as the possibility of black-box attacks. These attacks can embed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Daniil Khomsky , Narek Maloyan , Bulat Nutfullin

In recent years machine learning algorithms, and more specifically deep learning algorithms, have been widely used in many fields, including cyber security. However, machine learning systems are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, and this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Ihai Rosenberg , Asaf Shabtai , Yuval Elovici , Lior Rokach

Recent advances in biometric systems have significantly improved the detection and prevention of fraudulent activities. However, as detection methods improve, attack techniques become increasingly sophisticated. Attacks on face recognition…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Lazaro Janier Gonzalez-Soler , Maciej Salwowski , Christoph Busch

Speaker verification has been widely and successfully adopted in many mission-critical areas for user identification. The training of speaker verification requires a large amount of data, therefore users usually need to adopt third-party…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-04 Tongqing Zhai , Yiming Li , Ziqi Zhang , Baoyuan Wu , Yong Jiang , Shu-Tao Xia

Advances in deep learning have introduced a new wave of voice synthesis tools, capable of producing audio that sounds as if spoken by a target speaker. If successful, such tools in the wrong hands will enable a range of powerful attacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Emily Wenger , Max Bronckers , Christian Cianfarani , Jenna Cryan , Angela Sha , Haitao Zheng , Ben Y. Zhao

With the growing processing power of computing systems and the increasing availability of massive datasets, machine learning algorithms have led to major breakthroughs in many different areas. This development has influenced computer…

From past couple of years there is a cycle of researchers proposing a defence model for adversaries in machine learning which is arguably defensible to most of the existing attacks in restricted condition (they evaluate on some bounded…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-21 Kanak Tekwani , Manojkumar Parmar

A Machine-Critical Application is a system that is fundamentally necessary to the success of specific and sensitive operations such as search and recovery, rescue, military, and emergency management actions. Recent advances in Machine…

Machine learning models are currently being deployed in a variety of real-world applications where model predictions are used to make decisions about healthcare, bank loans, and numerous other critical tasks. As the deployment of artificial…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-10-07 Yuxin Ma , Tiankai Xie , Jundong Li , Ross Maciejewski

Cases of laryngeal cancer are predicted to rise significantly in the coming years. Current diagnostic pathways are inefficient, putting undue stress on both patients and the medical system. Artificial intelligence offers a promising…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Mary Paterson , James Moor , Luisa Cutillo

As Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly become key components in various AI applications, understanding their security vulnerabilities and the effectiveness of defense mechanisms is crucial. This survey examines the security challenges…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Frank Weizhen Liu , Chenhui Hu

Machine learning (ML) models deployed in many safety- and business-critical systems are vulnerable to exploitation through adversarial examples. A large body of academic research has thoroughly explored the causes of these blind spots,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-15 Ivan Evtimov , Weidong Cui , Ece Kamar , Emre Kiciman , Tadayoshi Kohno , Jerry Li

It is critical to secure the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) devices because of potentially devastating consequences in case of an attack. Machine learning and big data analytics are the two powerful leverages for analyzing and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-15 Maede Zolanvari , Marcio A. Teixeira , Lav Gupta , Khaled M. Khan , Raj Jain

Speaker verification systems are vulnerable to spoofing attacks which presents a major problem in their real-life deployment. To date, most of the proposed synthetic speech detectors (SSDs) have weighted the importance of different segments…

Sound · Computer Science 2016-10-11 Ali Khodabakhsh , Cenk Demiroglu

Deep-learning based classification algorithms have been shown to be susceptible to adversarial attacks: minor changes to the input of classifiers can dramatically change their outputs, while being imperceptible to humans. In this paper, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-29 Jirong Yi , Hui Xie , Leixin Zhou , Xiaodong Wu , Weiyu Xu , Raghuraman Mudumbai

Machine learning systems and also, specifically, automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems are vulnerable against adversarial attacks, where an attacker maliciously changes the input. In the case of ASR systems, the most interesting cases…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-04 Sina Däubener , Lea Schönherr , Asja Fischer , Dorothea Kolossa

Neural models enjoy widespread use across a variety of tasks and have grown to become crucial components of many industrial systems. Despite their effectiveness and extensive popularity, they are not without their exploitable flaws.…

Sound · Computer Science 2019-02-26 Krishan Rajaratnam , Jugal Kalita

Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) has gained popularity due to advancements in Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). However, untrusted third-party platforms have raised concerns about AI security, particularly in backdoor attacks. Recent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Zhe Ye , Diqun Yan , Li Dong , Kailai Shen