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Reward-based alignment methods for large language models (LLMs) face two key limitations: vulnerability to reward hacking, where models exploit flaws in the reward signal; and reliance on brittle, labor-intensive prompt engineering when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Zae Myung Kim , Chanwoo Park , Vipul Raheja , Suin Kim , Dongyeop Kang

The rapid development of large language model (LLM) alignment algorithms has resulted in a complex and fragmented landscape, with limited clarity on the effectiveness of different methods and their inter-connections. This paper introduces…

Recent empirical work shows that inconsistent results based on choice of hyperparameter optimization (HPO) configuration are a widespread problem in ML research. When comparing two algorithms J and K searching one subspace can yield the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-18 A. Feder Cooper , Yucheng Lu , Jessica Zosa Forde , Christopher De Sa

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into evolutionary frameworks has established a new paradigm for automated heuristic discovery. Despite their promise, these methods typically search in the discrete space of program syntax,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Cheikh Ahmed , Mahdi Mostajabdaveh , Zirui Zhou

Large Language Model-based Hyper Heuristic (LHH) has recently emerged as an efficient way for automatic heuristic design. However, most existing LHHs just perform well in optimizing a single function within a pre-defined solver. Their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Chuyang Xiang , Yichen Wei , Jiale Ma , Handing Wang , Junchi Yan

Building on advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs), we can tackle complex analytical and mathematical reasoning tasks requiring nuanced contextual understanding. A prime example of such complex tasks is modelling resource allocation…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Tasnim Ahmed , Siana Rizwan , Naveed Ejaz , Salimur Choudhury

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized Natural Language Processing (NLP) but demand massive GPU resources for training. Lowering the threshold for LLMs training would encourage greater participation from researchers, benefiting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Kai Lv , Yuqing Yang , Tengxiao Liu , Qinghui Gao , Qipeng Guo , Xipeng Qiu

Parallel programs in high performance computing (HPC) continue to grow in complexity and scale in the exascale era. The diversity in hardware and parallel programming models make developing, optimizing, and maintaining parallel software…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Daniel Nichols , Aniruddha Marathe , Harshitha Menon , Todd Gamblin , Abhinav Bhatele

This paper introduces MeLA, a Metacognitive LLM-Driven Architecture that presents a new paradigm for Automatic Heuristic Design (AHD). Traditional evolutionary methods operate directly on heuristic code; in contrast, MeLA evolves the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Zishang Qiu , Xinan Chen , Long Chen , Ruibin Bai

Large Language Models (LLMs), including the LLaMA model, have exhibited their efficacy across various general-domain natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, their performance in high-performance computing (HPC) domain tasks has…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Xianzhong Ding , Le Chen , Murali Emani , Chunhua Liao , Pei-Hung Lin , Tristan Vanderbruggen , Zhen Xie , Alberto E. Cerpa , Wan Du

Since deep neural networks were developed, they have made huge contributions to everyday lives. Machine learning provides more rational advice than humans are capable of in almost every aspect of daily life. However, despite this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-13 Tong Yu , Hong Zhu

Future wireless networks are expected to incorporate diverse services that often lack general mathematical models. To address such black-box network management tasks, the large language model (LLM) optimizer framework, which leverages…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Hoon Lee , Wentao Zhou , Merouane Debbah , Inkyu Lee

Automatic Heuristic Design (AHD) is an active research area due to its utility in solving complex search and NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems in the real world. The recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) introduce…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Pham Vu Tuan Dat , Long Doan , Huynh Thi Thanh Binh

Traditional optimization methods excel in well-defined search spaces but struggle with design problems where transformations and design parameters are difficult to define. Large language models (LLMs) offer a promising alternative by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Anthony Carreon , Vansh Sharma , Venkat Raman

Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced the field of Combinatorial Optimization through automated heuristic generation. Instead of relying on manual design, this LLM-Driven Heuristic Design (LHD) process leverages LLMs to iteratively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Rongzheng Wang , Yihong Huang , Muquan Li , Jiakai Li , Di Liang , Bob Simons , Pei Ke , Shuang Liang , Ke Qin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated impressive capabilities across various real-world applications. However, due to the current text-in-text-out paradigm, it remains challenging for LLMs to handle dynamic and complex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Timothy Wei , Annabelle Miin , Anastasia Miin

Multi-objective combinatorial optimization problems (MOCOP) frequently arise in practical applications that require the simultaneous optimization of conflicting objectives. Although traditional evolutionary algorithms can be effective, they…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Minh Hieu Ha , Hung Phan , Tung Duy Doan , Tung Dao , Dao Tran , Huynh Thi Thanh Binh

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing by solving a wide range of tasks simply guided by a prompt. Yet their performance is highly sensitive to prompt formulation. While automatic prompt optimization…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Tom Zehle , Moritz Schlager , Timo Heiß , Matthias Feurer

Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate code from natural language, but their performance is highly sensitive to prompt formulation. We propose a reinforcement-learning-based framework that models prompt refinement as a sequential…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Ali Mohammadi Esfahani , Nafiseh Kahani , Samuel A. Ajila

The autoresearch repository enables an LLM agent to optimize hyperparameters by editing training code directly. We use it as a testbed to compare classical HPO algorithms against LLM-based methods on tuning the hyperparameters of a small…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Fabio Ferreira , Lucca Wobbe , Arjun Krishnakumar , Frank Hutter , Arber Zela