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Recent multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown promising instruction following capabilities on vision-language tasks. In this work, we introduce VISUAL MODALITY INSTRUCTION (VIM), and investigate how well multimodal models can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Xiujun Li , Yujie Lu , Zhe Gan , Jianfeng Gao , William Yang Wang , Yejin Choi

Vision Large Language Models (VLMs) combine visual understanding with natural language processing, enabling tasks like image captioning, visual question answering, and video analysis. While VLMs show impressive capabilities across domains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Ahmed Sharshar , Latif U. Khan , Waseem Ullah , Mohsen Guizani

Although large vision-language models (LVLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in multi-modal understanding and reasoning, their practical applications are still limited by massive model parameters and high computational costs.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Ji Ma , Wei Suo , Peng Wang , Yanning Zhang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have recently achieved remarkable success in visual-language understanding, demonstrating superior high-level semantic alignment within their vision encoders. An important question thus arises: Can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Yikun Liu , Yuan Liu , Shangzhe Di , Haicheng Wang , Zhongyin Zhao , Le Tian , Xiao Zhou , Jie Zhou , Jiangchao Yao , Yanfeng Wang , Weidi Xie

This paper introduces an efficient strategy to transform Large Language Models (LLMs) into Multi-Modal Large Language Models (MLLMs). By conceptualizing this transformation as a domain adaptation process, i.e., transitioning from text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Bingchen Zhao , Haoqin Tu , Chen Wei , Jieru Mei , Cihang Xie

This survey and application guide to multimodal large language models(MLLMs) explores the rapidly developing field of MLLMs, examining their architectures, applications, and impact on AI and Generative Models. Starting with foundational…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Chia Xin Liang , Pu Tian , Caitlyn Heqi Yin , Yao Yua , Wei An-Hou , Li Ming , Xinyuan Song , Tianyang Wang , Ziqian Bi , Ming Liu

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have shown remarkable potential in visuomotor control and instruction comprehension through end-to-end learning processes. However, current VLA models face significant challenges: they are slow during…

Incorporating multiple modalities into large language models (LLMs) is a powerful way to enhance their understanding of non-textual data, enabling them to perform multimodal tasks. Vision language models (VLMs) form the fastest growing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Shiqi He , Insu Jang , Mosharaf Chowdhury

Deploying Multi-Modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) in healthcare is hindered by their high computational demands and significant memory requirements, which are particularly challenging for resource-constrained devices like the Nvidia…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Aya El Mir , Lukelo Thadei Luoga , Boyuan Chen , Muhammad Abdullah Hanif , Muhammad Shafique

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have experienced significant advancements recently. Nevertheless, challenges persist in the accurate recognition and comprehension of intricate details within high-resolution images. Despite being…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Haogeng Liu , Quanzeng You , Xiaotian Han , Yiqi Wang , Bohan Zhai , Yongfei Liu , Yunzhe Tao , Huaibo Huang , Ran He , Hongxia Yang

Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) relies on the powerful LLM to perform multimodal tasks, showing amazing emergent abilities in recent studies, such as writing poems based on an image. However, it is difficult for these case studies to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Chaoyou Fu , Peixian Chen , Yunhang Shen , Yulei Qin , Mengdan Zhang , Xu Lin , Jinrui Yang , Xiawu Zheng , Ke Li , Xing Sun , Yunsheng Wu , Rongrong Ji , Caifeng Shan , Ran He

This work introduces SteerVLM, a lightweight steering module designed to guide Vision-Language Models (VLMs) towards outputs that better adhere to desired instructions. Our approach learns from the latent embeddings of paired prompts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Anushka Sivakumar , Andrew Zhang , Zaber Hakim , Chris Thomas

As AI moves beyond text, large language models (LLMs) increasingly power vision, audio, and document understanding; however, their high inference costs hinder real-time, scalable deployment. Conversely, smaller open-source models offer cost…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Mayank Saini , Arit Kumar Bishwas

The integration of language instructions with robotic control, particularly through Vision Language Action (VLA) models, has shown significant potential. However, these systems are often hindered by high computational costs, the need for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Marie Samson , Bastien Muraccioli , Fumio Kanehiro

Real-world vision-language applications demand varying levels of perceptual granularity. However, most existing visual large language models (VLLMs), such as LLaVA, pre-assume a fixed resolution for downstream tasks, which leads to subpar…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Weiqing Luo , Zhen Tan , Yifan Li , Xinyu Zhao , Kwonjoon Lee , Behzad Dariush , Tianlong Chen

Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) refers to the task of enabling autonomous robots to navigate unfamiliar environments by following natural language instructions. While recent Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have shown promise in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Vebjørn Haug Kåsene , Pierre Lison

Large Language Models (LLMs) have so far impressed the world, with unprecedented capabilities that emerge in models at large scales. On the vision side, transformer models (i.e., ViT) are following the same trend, achieving the best…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Mustafa Shukor , Corentin Dancette , Matthieu Cord

The advent of Multilingual Language Models (MLLMs) and Large Language Models has spawned innovation in many areas of natural language processing. Despite the exciting potential of this technology, its impact on developing high-quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Séamus Lankford , Haithem Afli , Andy Way

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) excel in diverse multimodal tasks. However, user requirements vary across scenarios, which can be categorized into fast response, high-quality output, and low energy consumption. Relying solely on large models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Xin Tang , Youfang Han , Fangfei Gou , Wei Zhao , Xin Meng , Yang Yu , Jinguo Zhang , Yuanchun Shi , Yuntao Wang , Tengxiang Zhang

We present MM1.5, a new family of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) designed to enhance capabilities in text-rich image understanding, visual referring and grounding, and multi-image reasoning. Building upon the MM1 architecture,…