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Complex networks have become the main paradigm for modelling the dynamics of interacting systems. However, networks are intrinsically limited to describing pairwise interactions, whereas real-world systems are often characterized by…

While studies of meso-scale structures in networks often focus on community structure, core--periphery structures can reveal new insights. This structure typically consists of a well-connected core and a periphery that is well connected to…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-03-17 Andrew Elliott , Angus Chiu , Marya Bazzi , Gesine Reinert , Mihai Cucuringu

Non-reciprocal interactions play a crucial role in many social and biological complex systems. While directionality has been thoroughly accounted for in networks with pairwise interactions, its effects in systems with higher-order…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2025-10-22 Luca Gallo , Riccardo Muolo , Lucia Valentina Gambuzza , Vito Latora , Mattia Frasca , Timoteo Carletti

Metabolic networks are probably among the most challenging and important biological networks. Their study provides insight into how biological pathways work and how robust a specific organism is against an environment or therapy. Here we…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-10-06 Pietro Traversa , Guilherme Ferraz de Arruda , Alexei Vazquez , Yamir Moreno

A wide variety of complex systems are characterized by interactions of different types involving varying numbers of units. Multiplex hypergraphs serve as a tool to describe such structures, capturing distinct types of higher-order…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-09-10 Quintino Francesco Lotito , Alberto Montresor , Federico Battiston

We study an issue commonly seen with graph data analysis: many real-world complex systems involving high-order interactions are best encoded by hypergraphs; however, their datasets often end up being published or studied only in the form of…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Yanbang Wang , Jon Kleinberg

Dynamical systems on hypergraphs can display a rich set of behaviours not observable for systems with pairwise interactions. Given a distributed dynamical system with a putative hypergraph structure, an interesting question is thus how much…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Leonie Neuhäuser , Michael Scholkemper , Francesco Tudisco , Michael T. Schaub

Directed networks such as gene regulation networks and neural networks are connected by arcs (directed links). The nodes in a directed network are often strongly interwound by a huge number of directed cycles, which lead to complex…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-08-02 Jin-Hua Zhao , Hai-Jun Zhou

Many networked datasets with units interacting in groups of two or more, encoded with hypergraphs, are accompanied by extra information about nodes, such as the role of an individual in a workplace. Here we show how these node attributes…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Anna Badalyan , Nicolò Ruggeri , Caterina De Bacco

Recent studies have shown that novel collective behaviors emerge in complex systems due to the presence of higher-order interactions. However, how the collective behavior of a system is influenced by the microscopic organization of its…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-07-01 Federico Malizia , Santiago Lamata-Otín , Mattia Frasca , Vito Latora , Jesús Gómez-Gardeñes

Individuals interact and cooperate in structured systems. Many studies represent this structure using static networks, where each link represents a permanent connection between two nodes. However, real interactions are generally not…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-12-23 Xiaochen Wang , Lei Zhou , Alex McAvoy , Zhenglong Tian , Aming Li

Hypergraphs, increasingly utilised to model complex and diverse relationships in modern networks, have gained significant attention for representing intricate higher-order interactions. Among various challenges, cohesive subgraph discovery…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Dahee Kim , Hyewon Kim , Song Kim , Minseok Kim , Junghoon Kim , Yeon-Chang Lee , Sungsu Lim

Complex systems are often driven by higher-order interactions among multiple units, naturally represented as hypergraphs. Understanding dependency structures within these hypergraphs is crucial for understanding and predicting the behavior…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-05-29 John Hood , Caterina De Bacco , Aaron Schein

The study of hypergraphs has received a lot of attention over the past few years, however up until recently there has been no interest in systems where higher order interactions are not undirected. In this article we introduce the notion of…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2024-08-28 Gonzalo Contreras-Aso , Regino Criado , Miguel Romance

Directed networks are essential for representing complex systems, capturing the asymmetry of interactions in fields such as neuroscience, transportation, and social networks. Directionality reveals how influence, information, or resources…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2024-12-23 Marián Boguñá , M. Ángeles Serrano

Online social networks are a dominant medium in everyday life to stay in contact with friends and to share information. In Twitter, users can connect with other users by following them, who in turn can follow back. In recent years,…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-05-06 Christoph Schweimer , Christine Gfrerer , Florian Lugstein , David Pape , Jan A. Velimsky , Robert Elsässer , Bernhard C. Geiger

A directed hypergraph, which consists of nodes and hyperarcs, is a higher-order data structure that naturally models directional group interactions (e.g., chemical reactions of molecules). Although there have been extensive studies on local…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Heechan Moon , Hyunju Kim , Sunwoo Kim , Kijung Shin

One of the defining features of complex networks is the connectivity properties that we observe emerging from local interactions. Recently, hypergraphs have emerged as a versatile tool to model networks with non-dyadic, higher-order…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-09-30 Berné L. Nortier , Simon Dobson , Federico Battiston

The microscopic organization of dynamical systems coupled via higher-order interactions plays a pivotal role in understanding their collective behavior. In this paper, we introduce a framework for systematically investigating the impact of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-01-14 Santiago Lamata-Otín , Federico Malizia , Vito Latora , Mattia Frasca , Jesús Gómez-Gardeñes

Graphs have been utilized as a powerful tool to model pairwise relationships between people or objects. Such structure is a special type of a broader concept referred to as hypergraph, in which each hyperedge may consist of an arbitrary…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-06-15 Manh Tuan Do , Se-eun Yoon , Bryan Hooi , Kijung Shin