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Recently, efficient Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have gained significant attention as a solution to their high computational complexity, making them more practical for real-world applications. In this regard, the knowledge…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Jiwan Kim , Kibum Kim , Sangwoo Seo , Chanyoung Park

Knowledge distillation (KD), as an efficient and effective model compression technique, has been receiving considerable attention in deep learning. The key to its success is to transfer knowledge from a large teacher network to a small…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-28 Liyuan Sun , Jianping Gou , Baosheng Yu , Lan Du , Dacheng Tao

Knowledge distillation from large language models (LLMs) assumes that the teacher's output distribution is a high-quality training signal. On reasoning tasks, this assumption is frequently violated. A model's intermediate representations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Ryan Brown , Chris Russell

Knowledge Distillation (KD) refers to transferring knowledge from a large model to a smaller one, which is widely used to enhance model performance in machine learning. It tries to align embedding spaces generated from the teacher and the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Weidong Shi , Guanghui Ren , Yunpeng Chen , Shuicheng Yan

Knowledge distillation (KD) is a highly promising method for mitigating the computational problems of pre-trained language models (PLMs). Among various KD approaches, Intermediate Layer Distillation (ILD) has been a de facto standard KD…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Jongwoo Ko , Seungjoon Park , Minchan Jeong , Sukjin Hong , Euijai Ahn , Du-Seong Chang , Se-Young Yun

Knowledge Distillation (KD) compresses computationally expensive pre-trained language models (PLMs) by transferring their knowledge to smaller models, allowing their use in resource-constrained or real-time settings. However, most smaller…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Hayeon Lee , Rui Hou , Jongpil Kim , Davis Liang , Hongbo Zhang , Sung Ju Hwang , Alexander Min

Knowledge distillation (KD) is a widely adopted technique for compressing large models into smaller, more efficient student models that can be deployed on devices with limited computational resources. Among various KD methods, Relational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-19 Chen-Yu Liu , Kuan-Cheng Chen , Keisuke Murota , Samuel Yen-Chi Chen , Enrico Rinaldi

Pre-trained language models (e.g., BERT (Devlin et al., 2018) and its variants) have achieved remarkable success in varieties of NLP tasks. However, these models usually consist of hundreds of millions of parameters which brings challenges…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Wenhui Wang , Furu Wei , Li Dong , Hangbo Bao , Nan Yang , Ming Zhou

Transferring the reasoning capability from stronger large language models (LLMs) to smaller ones has been quite appealing, as smaller LLMs are more flexible to deploy with less expense. Among the existing solutions, knowledge distillation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Yijun Tian , Yikun Han , Xiusi Chen , Wei Wang , Nitesh V. Chawla

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable abilities in various natural language processing areas, but they demand high computation resources which limits their deployment in real-world. Distillation is one technique to solve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Zhi Zhou , Sirui Miao , Xiangyu Duan , Hao Yang , Min Zhang

Knowledge distillation is the process of transferring the knowledge from a large model to a small model. In this process, the small model learns the generalization ability of the large model and retains the performance close to that of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-26 Zhenyan Hou , Wenxuan Fan

It has been commonly observed that a teacher model with superior performance does not necessarily result in a stronger student, highlighting a discrepancy between current teacher training practices and effective knowledge transfer. In order…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Yuxin Ren , Zihan Zhong , Xingjian Shi , Yi Zhu , Chun Yuan , Mu Li

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed worldwide, yet their safety alignment remains predominantly English-centric. This allows for vulnerabilities in non-English contexts, especially with low-resource languages. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Max Zhang , Derek Liu , Kai Zhang , Joshua Franco , Haihao Liu

Recently, large-scale pre-trained models have shown their advantages in many tasks. However, due to the huge computational complexity and storage requirements, it is challenging to apply the large-scale model to real scenes. A common…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-27 Deng Li , Aming Wu , Yahong Han , Qi Tian

Knowledge distillation (KD) is a key technique for compressing large-scale language models (LLMs), yet prevailing logit-based methods typically employ static strategies that are misaligned with the dynamic learning process of student…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Xurong Xie , Zhucun Xue , Jiafu Wu , Jian Li , Yabiao Wang , Xiaobin Hu , Yong Liu , Jiangning Zhang

Large pre-trained language models often struggle to incorporate new domain-specific terminology when fine-tuned on small, specialized corpora. In this work, we address the challenge of vocabulary expansion in frozen LLMs by introducing a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Max Rehman Linder

Knowledge distillation (KD) aims to distill the knowledge from the teacher (larger) to the student (smaller) model via soft-label for the efficient neural network. In general, the performance of a model is determined by accuracy, which is…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-25 Stephen Ekaputra Limantoro

Knowledge distillation (KD) is a popular method to train efficient networks ("student") with the help of high-capacity networks ("teacher"). Traditional methods use the teacher's soft logits as extra supervision to train the student…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Guo-Hua Wang , Yifan Ge , Jianxin Wu

Recent developments in natural language representations have been accompanied by large and expensive models that leverage vast amounts of general-domain text through self-supervised pre-training. Due to the cost of applying such models to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-27 Iulia Turc , Ming-Wei Chang , Kenton Lee , Kristina Toutanova

Knowledge distillation (KD) is a well-known method for compressing neural models. However, works focusing on distilling knowledge from large multilingual neural machine translation (MNMT) models into smaller ones are practically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Varun Gumma , Raj Dabre , Pratyush Kumar