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Code reasoning is a fundamental capability for large language models (LLMs) in the code domain. It involves understanding and predicting a program's execution behavior, such as determining the output for a given input or whether a specific…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Lingxiao Tang , He Ye , Zhongxin Liu , Xiaoxue Ren , Lingfeng Bao

Commits often involve refactorings -- behavior-preserving code modifications aiming at software design improvements. Refactoring operations pose a challenge to code reviewers, as distinguishing them from behavior-altering changes is often…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Benjamin Ritz , Aleksandar Karakaš , Denis Helic

Software is constantly changing, requiring developers to perform several derived tasks in a timely manner, such as writing a description for the intention of the code change, or identifying the defect-prone code changes. Considering that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Bo Lin , Shangwen Wang , Zhongxin Liu , Yepang Liu , Xin Xia , Xiaoguang Mao

Code review is an essential activity for ensuring the quality and maintainability of software projects. However, it is a time-consuming and often error-prone task that can significantly impact the development process. Recently, ChatGPT, a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Qi Guo , Junming Cao , Xiaofei Xie , Shangqing Liu , Xiaohong Li , Bihuan Chen , Xin Peng

Recently, a diverse set of decoding and reranking procedures have been shown effective for LLM-based code generation. However, a comprehensive framework that links and experimentally compares these methods is missing. We address this by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Haau-Sing Li , Patrick Fernandes , Iryna Gurevych , André F. T. Martins

We consider the problem of neural semantic parsing, which translates natural language questions into executable SQL queries. We introduce a new mechanism, execution guidance, to leverage the semantics of SQL. It detects and excludes faulty…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-17 Chenglong Wang , Kedar Tatwawadi , Marc Brockschmidt , Po-Sen Huang , Yi Mao , Oleksandr Polozov , Rishabh Singh

Modern code review is a widely used technique employed in both industrial and open-source projects to improve software quality, share knowledge, and ensure adherence to coding standards and guidelines. During code review, developers may…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Eman Abdullah AlOmar , Moataz Chouchen , Mohamed Wiem Mkaouer , Ali Ouni

Tool learning has emerged as a crucial capability for large language models (LLMs) to solve complex real-world tasks through interaction with external tools. Existing approaches face significant challenges, including reliance on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Hanxing Ding , Shuchang Tao , Liang Pang , Zihao Wei , Jinyang Gao , Bolin Ding , Huawei Shen , Xueqi Cheng

Large Language Models (LLMs) can translate natural language requirements into code, yet empirical analyses of representative models reveal that semantic errors-programs that compile but behave incorrectly-constitute the majority of observed…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Qinglin Wang , Zhihong Sun , Ruyun Wang , Tao Huang , Zhi Jin , Ge Li , Chen Lyu

Cognitive-Driven Development (CDD) is a coding design technique that aims to reduce the cognitive effort that developers place in understanding a given code unit (e.g., a class). By following CDD design practices, it is expected that the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Leonardo Barbosa , Victor Hugo Santiago , Alberto Luiz Oliveira Tavares de Souza , Gustavo Pinto

Representing code changes as numeric feature vectors, i.e., code change representations, is usually an essential step to automate many software engineering tasks related to code changes, e.g., commit message generation and just-in-time…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Zhongxin Liu , Zhijie Tang , Xin Xia , Xiaohu Yang

Refactoring is a common practice in software development, aimed at improving the internal code structure in order to make it easier to understand and modify. Consequently, it is often assumed that refactoring makes the code less prone to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Isabella Ferreira , Lawrence Arkoh , Anderson Uchôa , Ana Carla Bibiano , Alessandro Garcia , Wesley K. G. Assunção

In collaborative software development, multiple contributors frequently change the source code in parallel to implement new features, fix bugs, refactor existing code, and make other changes. These simultaneous changes need to be merged…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Andre Oliveira , Vania Neves , Alexandre Plastino , Ana Carla Bibiano , Alessandro Garcia , Leonardo Murta

Large language models (LLMs) have shown great potential in automating significant aspects of coding by producing natural code from informal natural language (NL) intent. However, given NL is informal, it does not lend easily to checking…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Sarah Fakhoury , Aaditya Naik , Georgios Sakkas , Saikat Chakraborty , Shuvendu K. Lahiri

In practice, rigorous reasoning is often a key driver of correct code, while Reinforcement Learning (RL) for code generation often neglects optimizing reasoning quality. Bringing process-level supervision into RL is appealing, but it faces…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Lishui Fan , Yu Zhang , Mouxiang Chen , Zhongxin Liu

Recent advances in coding agents have shown remarkable progress in software issue resolution. In practice, real-world issues are typically bug fixes or feature requests in which human developers naturally incorporate refactoring as part of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Zhao Tian , Zifan Zhang , Tao Xiao , Dong Wang , Masanari Kondo , Junjie Chen , Yasutaka Kamei

The rapid evolution of software libraries poses a considerable hurdle for code generation, necessitating continuous adaptation to frequent version updates while preserving backward compatibility. While existing code evolution benchmarks…

Context: Performance regressions negatively impact execution time and memory usage of software systems. Nevertheless, there is a lack of systematic methods to evaluate the effectiveness of performance test suites. Performance mutation…

Designing effective control policies for autonomous systems remains a fundamental challenge, traditionally addressed through reinforcement learning or manual engineering. While reinforcement learning has achieved remarkable success, it…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Ping Guo , Chao Li , Yinglan Feng , Chaoning Zhang

Large language models trained on code have shown great potential to increase productivity of software developers. Several execution-based benchmarks have been proposed to evaluate functional correctness of model-generated code on simple…