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Fully autonomous vehicles are emerging vehicular technologies that have gained significant attention in todays research endeavours. Even though it promises to optimize road safety, the proliferation of wireless and sensor technologies makes…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Chuka Oham , Raja Jurdak , Sanjay Jha

Cyber threat intelligence (CTI) is a crucial tool to prevent sophisticated, organized, and weaponized cyber attacks. However, few studies have focused on the credibility assessment of CTI, and this work still requires manual analysis by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Zongzong Wu , Fengxiao Tang , Ming Zhao , Yufeng Li

As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes deeply embedded in critical services and everyday products, it is increasingly exposed to security threats which traditional cyber defenses were not designed to handle. In this paper, we investigate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Natalia Krawczyk , Mateusz Szczepkowski , Adrian Brodzik , Krzysztof Bocianiak

The rise of connected and autonomous vehicles, combined with the proliferation of IoT and connected surfaces, lead to the emergence of novel complex cyber risks. Lack of encryption and authentication in internal vehicular networks are…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-03-24 Skanda Vivek

Cyber threat intelligence (CTI) is crucial in today's cybersecurity landscape, providing essential insights to understand and mitigate the ever-evolving cyber threats. The recent rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown potential in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Md Tanvirul Alam , Dipkamal Bhusal , Le Nguyen , Nidhi Rastogi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in natural language reasoning, yet their application to Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) remains limited. CTI analysis involves distilling large volumes of unstructured…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Md Tanvirul Alam , Dipkamal Bhusal , Salman Ahmad , Nidhi Rastogi , Peter Worth

The introduction of the European Union Artificial Intelligence Act, the NIST Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework, and related norms demands a better understanding and implementation of novel risk analysis approaches to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Jose Manuel Camacho , Aitor Couce-Vieira , David Arroyo , David Rios Insua

Threat intelligence on malware attacks and campaigns is increasingly being shared with other security experts for a cost or for free. Other security analysts use this intelligence to inform them of indicators of compromise, attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-20 Nidhi Rastogi , Sharmishtha Dutta , Mohammed J. Zaki , Alex Gittens , Charu Aggarwal

Cyber attacks are becoming more sophisticated and diverse, making detection increasingly challenging. To combat these attacks, security practitioners actively summarize and exchange their knowledge about attacks across organizations in the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Zhenyuan Li , Jun Zeng , Yan Chen , Zhenkai Liang

Smart city improved the quality of life for the citizens by implementing information communication technology (ICT) such as the internet of things (IoT). Nevertheless, the smart city is a critical environment that needs to secure it is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Najla Al-Taleb , Nazar Abbas Saqib , Atta-ur-Rahman , Sujata Dash

Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) parsing aims to extract key threat information from massive data, transform it into actionable intelligence, enhance threat detection and defense efficiency, including attack graph construction, intelligence…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Yongheng Zhang , Xinyun Zhao , Yunshan Ma , Haokai Ma , Yingxiao Guan , Guozheng Yang , Yuliang Lu , Xiang Wang

Defending from cyberattacks requires practitioners to operate on high-level adversary behavior. Cyberthreat intelligence (CTI) reports on past cyberattack incidents describe the chain of malicious actions with respect to time. To avoid…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Md Rayhanur Rahman , Brandon Wroblewski , Quinn Matthews , Brantley Morgan , Tim Menzies , Laurie Williams

Textual descriptions in cyber threat intelligence (CTI) reports, such as security articles and news, are rich sources of knowledge about cyber threats, crucial for organizations to stay informed about the rapidly evolving threat landscape.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Yutong Cheng , Osama Bajaber , Saimon Amanuel Tsegai , Dawn Song , Peng Gao

The rise of IT-dependent operations in modern organizations has heightened their vulnerability to cyberattacks. As a growing number of organizations include smart, interconnected devices in their systems to automate their processes, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Dincy R. Arikkat , Mert Cihangiroglu , Mauro Conti , Rafidha Rehiman K. A. , Serena Nicolazzo , Antonino Nocera , Vinod P

The swift spread of fake news and disinformation campaigns poses a significant threat to public trust, political stability, and cybersecurity. Traditional Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) approaches, which rely on low-level indicators such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Domenico Cotroneo , Roberto Natella , Vittorio Orbinato

Cyber-defense systems are being developed to automatically ingest Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) that contains semi-structured data and/or text to populate knowledge graphs. A potential risk is that fake CTI can be generated and spread…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Priyanka Ranade , Aritran Piplai , Sudip Mittal , Anupam Joshi , Tim Finin

Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems (cITS) are a promising technology to enhance driving safety and efficiency. Vehicles communicate wirelessly with other vehicles and infrastructure, thereby creating a highly dynamic and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-11-30 Rens W. van der Heijden , Stefan Dietzel , Tim Leinmüller , Frank Kargl

Despite the high volume of open-source Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI), our understanding of long-term threat actor-victim dynamics remains fragmented due to inconsistent reporting standards and the lack of structured datasets containing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Manuel Suarez-Roman , Francesco Marchiori , Mauro Conti , Juan Tapiador

This research paper delves into the field of autonomous vehicle technology, examining the vulnerabilities inherent in each component of these transformative vehicles. Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are revolutionizing transportation by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Ian Alexis Wong Paz , Anuvinda Balan , Sebastian Campos , Ehud Orenstain , Sudip Dhakal

Cyber threat intelligence (CTI) is central to modern cybersecurity, providing critical insights for detecting and mitigating evolving threats. With the natural language understanding and reasoning capabilities of large language models…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Yutong Cheng , Yang Liu , Changze Li , Dawn Song , Peng Gao