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Simulation is pivotal in evaluating the performance of autonomous driving systems due to the advantages of high efficiency and low cost compared to on-road testing. Bridging the gap between simulation and the real world requires realistic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Haojie Xin , Xiaodong Zhang , Renzhi Tang , Songyang Yan , Qianrui Zhao , Chunze Yang , Wen Cui , Zijiang Yang

Traffic microsimulators are widely used to evaluate road network performance under various ``what-if" conditions. However, the behavior models controlling the actions of the actors are overly simplistic and fails to capture realistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Yash Ranjan , Rahul Sengupta , Anand Rangarajan , Sanjay Ranka

Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication has emerged as a promising paradigm for autonomous driving, enabling connected agents to share complementary perception information and negotiate with each other to benefit the final planning.…

Autonomous vehicles need to model the behavior of surrounding human driven vehicles to be safe and efficient traffic participants. Existing approaches to modeling human driving behavior have relied on both data-driven and rule-based…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Raunak Bhattacharyya , Soyeon Jung , Liam Kruse , Ransalu Senanayake , Mykel Kochenderfer

Reinforcement learning (RL) has shown promise in robotics, but deploying RL on real vehicles remains challenging due to the complexity of vehicle dynamics and the mismatch between simulation and reality. Factors such as tire…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Thomas Steinecker , Alexander Bienemann , Denis Trescher , Thorsten Luettel , Mirko Maehlisch

In recent years, Deep Reinforcement Learning emerged as a promising approach for autonomous navigation of ground vehicles and has been utilized in various areas of navigation such as cruise control, lane changing, or obstacle avoidance.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Linh Kästner , Marvin Meusel , Teham Bhuiyan , Jens Lambrecht

Reinforcement learning (RL) is an effective approach to motion planning in autonomous driving, where an optimal driving policy can be automatically learned using the interaction data with the environment. Nevertheless, the reward function…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Lin-Chi Wu , Zengjie Zhang , Sofie Haesaert , Zhiqiang Ma , Zhiyong Sun

We present the single track road problem. In this problem two agents face each-other at opposite positions of a road that can only have one agent pass at a time. We focus on the scenario in which one agent is human, while the other is an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-04 Ido Shapira , Amos Azaria

Real-time collaboration with humans poses challenges due to the different behavior patterns of humans resulting from diverse physical constraints. Existing works typically focus on learning safety constraints for collaboration, or how to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Shibei Zhu , Tran Nguyen Le , Samuel Kaski , Ville Kyrki

The steady increase in the number of vehicles operating on the highways continues to exacerbate congestion, accidents, energy consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions. Emerging mobility systems, e.g., connected and automated vehicles…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-13 Sai Krishna Sumanth Nakka , Behdad Chalaki , Andreas Malikopoulos

This study examines the potential impact of reinforcement learning (RL)-enabled autonomous vehicles (AV) on urban traffic flow in a mixed traffic environment. We focus on a simplified day-to-day route choice problem in a multi-agent…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Ahmet Onur Akman , Anastasia Psarou , Zoltán György Varga , Grzegorz Jamróz , Rafał Kucharski

We built a multiagent simulation of urban traffic to model both ordinary traffic and emergency or crisis mode traffic. This simulation first builds a modeled road network based on detailed geographical information. On this network, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-01-27 Pierrick Tranouez , Eric Daudé , Patrice Langlois

The end-to-end autonomous driving paradigm has recently attracted lots of attention due to its scalability. However, existing methods are constrained by the limited scale of real-world data, which hinders a comprehensive exploration of the…

Through multi-agent competition and the sparse high-level objective of winning a race, we find that both agile flight (e.g., high-speed motion pushing the platform to its physical limits) and strategy (e.g., overtaking or blocking) emerge…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Vineet Pasumarti , Lorenzo Bianchi , Antonio Loquercio

Traffic scenarios are inherently interactive. Multiple decision-makers predict the actions of others and choose strategies that maximize their rewards. We view these interactions from the perspective of game theory which introduces various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Christian Muench , Frans A. Oliehoek , Dariu M. Gavrila

The transition to mixed-traffic environments that involve automated vehicles, manually operated vehicles, and vulnerable road users presents new challenges for human-centered automotive research. Despite this, most studies in the domain…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Pavlo Bazilinskyy , Francesco Walker , Debargha Dey , Tram Thi Minh Tran , Hyungchai Park , Hyochang Kim , Hyunmin Kang , Patrick Ebel

In the context of autonomous navigation of terrestrial robots, the creation of realistic models for agent dynamics and sensing is a widespread habit in the robotics literature and in commercial applications, where they are used for model…

Multi-agent reinforcement learning is difficult to be applied in practice, which is partially due to the gap between the simulated and real-world scenarios. One reason for the gap is that the simulated systems always assume that the agents…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Jian Zhao , Youpeng Zhao , Weixun Wang , Mingyu Yang , Xunhan Hu , Wengang Zhou , Jianye Hao , Houqiang Li

Current methods to learn controllers for autonomous vehicles (AVs) focus on behavioural cloning. Being trained only on exact historic data, the resulting agents often generalize poorly to novel scenarios. Simulators provide the opportunity…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Asen Nachkov , Danda Pani Paudel , Luc Van Gool

Current research directions in deep reinforcement learning include bridging the simulation-reality gap, improving sample efficiency of experiences in distributed multi-agent reinforcement learning, together with the development of robust…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-19 Wenshuai Zhao , Jorge Peña Queralta , Li Qingqing , Tomi Westerlund