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With the proliferation of social media, accurate detection of hate speech has become critical to ensure safety online. To combat nuanced forms of hate speech, it is important to identify and thoroughly explain hate speech to help users…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Yongjin Yang , Joonkee Kim , Yujin Kim , Namgyu Ho , James Thorne , Se-young Yun

Given the black-box nature and complexity of large transformer language models (LM), concerns about generalizability and robustness present ethical implications for domains such as hate speech (HS) detection. Using the content rich Social…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Jennifer L. Chen , Faisal Ladhak , Daniel Li , Noémie Elhadad

We present a novel feature attribution method for explaining text classifiers, and analyze it in the context of hate speech detection. Although feature attribution models usually provide a single importance score for each token, we instead…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-09 Esma Balkir , Isar Nejadgholi , Kathleen C. Fraser , Svetlana Kiritchenko

Existing computational models to understand hate speech typically frame the problem as a simple classification task, bypassing the understanding of hate symbols (e.g., 14 words, kigy) and their secret connotations. In this paper, we propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-05 Jing Qian , Mai ElSherief , Elizabeth Belding , William Yang Wang

Human biases have been shown to influence the performance of models and algorithms in various fields, including Natural Language Processing. While the study of this phenomenon is garnering focus in recent years, the available resources are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Ana Sofia Evans , Helena Moniz , Luísa Coheur

The phenomenal growth on the internet has helped in empowering individual's expressions, but the misuse of freedom of expression has also led to the increase of various cyber crimes and anti-social activities. Hate speech is one such issue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-01 Prashant Kapil , Asif Ekbal , Dipankar Das

Approaches for mitigating bias in supervised models are designed to reduce models' dependence on specific sensitive features of the input data, e.g., mentioned social groups. However, in the case of hate speech detection, it is not always…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Aida Mostafazadeh Davani , Ali Omrani , Brendan Kennedy , Mohammad Atari , Xiang Ren , Morteza Dehghani

An independent ethical assessment of an artificial intelligence system is an impartial examination of the system's development, deployment, and use in alignment with ethical values. System-level qualitative frameworks that describe…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-08-18 Amitoj Singh , Jingshu Chen , Lihao Zhang , Amin Rasekh , Ilana Golbin , Anand Rao

Hate speech represents a pervasive and detrimental form of online discourse, often manifested through an array of slurs, from hateful tweets to defamatory posts. As such speech proliferates, it connects people globally and poses significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Paloma Piot , Patricia Martín-Rodilla , Javier Parapar

Discriminatory language and biases are often present in hate speech during conversations, which usually lead to negative impacts on targeted groups such as those based on race, gender, and religion. To tackle this issue, we propose an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Shaina Raza , Chen Ding , Deval Pandya

Hate speech is harmful content that directly attacks or promotes hatred against members of groups or individuals based on actual or perceived aspects of identity, such as racism, religion, or sexual orientation. This can affect social life…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Arijit Das , Somashree Nandy , Rupam Saha , Srijan Das , Diganta Saha

Automatic hate speech detection in online social networks is an important open problem in Natural Language Processing (NLP). Hate speech is a multidimensional issue, strongly dependant on language and cultural factors. Despite its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-03 Aymé Arango , Jorge Pérez , Barbara Poblete

A key challenge for automatic hate-speech detection on social media is the separation of hate speech from other instances of offensive language. Lexical detection methods tend to have low precision because they classify all messages…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-03-14 Thomas Davidson , Dana Warmsley , Michael Macy , Ingmar Weber

Hate speech is a harmful form of online expression, often manifesting as derogatory posts. It is a significant risk in digital environments. With the rise of Large Language Models (LLMs), there is concern about their potential to replicate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Paloma Piot , Javier Parapar

With growing role of social media in shaping public opinions and beliefs across the world, there has been an increased attention to identify and counter the problem of hate speech on social media. Hate speech on online spaces has serious…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-03 Prashanth Vijayaraghavan , Hugo Larochelle , Deb Roy

Hate speech detection is a common downstream application of natural language processing (NLP) in the real world. In spite of the increasing accuracy, current data-driven approaches could easily learn biases from the imbalanced data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-22 Yi Cai , Arthur Zimek , Gerhard Wunder , Eirini Ntoutsi

Hate speech detection is commonly framed as a direct binary classification problem despite being a composite concept defined through multiple interacting factors that vary across legal frameworks, platform policies, and annotation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Adrián Girón , Pablo Miralles , Javier Huertas-Tato , Sergio D'Antonio , David Camacho

In a hate speech detection model, we should consider two critical aspects in addition to detection performance-bias and explainability. Hate speech cannot be identified based solely on the presence of specific words: the model should be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Jiyun Kim , Byounghan Lee , Kyung-Ah Sohn

Combating online hate speech in multilingual settings requires approaches that go beyond English-centric models and capture the cultural and linguistic diversity of global online discourse. This paper presents a comprehensive survey and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Zahra Safdari Fesaghandis , Suman Kalyan Maity

To address the global challenge of online hate speech, prior research has developed detection models to flag such content on social media. However, due to systematic biases in evaluation datasets, the real-world effectiveness of these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Manuel Tonneau , Diyi Liu , Niyati Malhotra , Scott A. Hale , Samuel P. Fraiberger , Victor Orozco-Olvera , Paul Röttger