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Related papers: Conditional Dependence via U-Statistics Pruning

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We explore fairness from a statistical perspective by selectively utilizing either conditional distance covariance or distance covariance statistics as measures to assess the independence between predictions and sensitive attributes. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Ruifan Huang , Haixia Liu

Mutual information is fundamentally important for measuring statistical dependence between variables and for quantifying information transfer by signaling and communication mechanisms. It can, however, be challenging to evaluate for…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-07-29 Clive G. Bowsher , Margaritis Voliotis

We propose and axiomatize preferences on a product state space in light of uncertainty regarding the dependency of different payoff-relevant factors. Dependence structures allow to decompose probabilities and allow to pin down behavior…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-05-28 Gerrit Bauch , Lorenz Hartmann

Distance correlation is a measure of dependence between two paired random vectors or matrices of arbitrary, not necessarily equal, dimensions. Unlike Pearson correlation, the population distance correlation coefficient is zero if and only…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-19 Kontemeniotis Nikolaos , Vargiakakis Rafail , Tsagris Michail

We consider the problem of bounding large deviations for non-i.i.d. random variables that are allowed to have arbitrary dependencies. Previous works typically assumed a specific dependence structure, namely the existence of independent…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-11-06 Christoph H. Lampert , Liva Ralaivola , Alexander Zimin

Conditional independence is a fundamental concept in many areas of statistical research, including, for example, sufficient dimension reduction, causal inference, and statistical graphical models. In many modern applications, data arise in…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-17 Yin Tang , Bing Li

Estimating the dependences between random variables, and ranking them accordingly, is a prevalent problem in machine learning. Pursuing frequentist and information-theoretic approaches, we first show that the p-value and the mutual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-07-02 Harald Steck

Testing for association or dependence between pairs of random variables is a fundamental problem in statistics. In some applications, data are subject to selection bias that causes dependence between observations even when it is absent from…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-10-13 Yaniv Tenzer , Micha Mandel , Or Zuk

In this paper, we consider the problem of testing independence in high-dimensional settings with missing data. Building upon a recently proposed Kendall-based statistic, we introduce two new modifications specifically designed to…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-28 Marija Cuparić , Bojana Milošević , Jelena Radojević

As a crucial problem in statistics is to decide whether additional variables are needed in a regression model. We propose a new multivariate test to investigate the conditional mean independence of Y given X conditioning on some known…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-05-18 Ze Jin , Xiaohan Yan , David S. Matteson

This article deals with the problem of testing conditional independence between two random vectors ${\bf X}$ and ${\bf Y}$ given a confounding random vector ${\bf Z}$. Several authors have considered this problem for multivariate data.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-16 Bilol Banerjee

In this paper we propose and study a class of simple, nonparametric, yet interpretable measures of conditional dependence between two random variables $Y$ and $Z$ given a third variable $X$, all taking values in general topological spaces.…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-09-20 Zhen Huang , Nabarun Deb , Bodhisattva Sen

This paper develops an intuitive concept of perfect dependence between two variables of which at least one has a nominal scale. Perfect dependence is attainable for all marginal distributions. It furthermore proposes a set of dependence…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-05 Jan-Lukas Wermuth

The use of machine learning models in decision support systems with high societal impact raised concerns about unfair (disparate) results for different groups of people. When evaluating such unfair decisions, one generally relies on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Guilherme Dean Pelegrina , Miguel Couceiro , Leonardo Tomazeli Duarte

This paper introduces an innovative method for conducting conditional independence testing in high-dimensional data, facilitating the automated discovery of significant associations within distinct subgroups of a population, all while…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-09-19 Matteo Sesia , Tianshu Sun

Following our previous work on copula-based nonsymmetric dependence measures, we introduce similar measures for discrete random variables. The measures cover the range between two extremes: independence and complete dependence, which take…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-12-29 Hui Li

Independence testing plays a central role in statistical and causal inference from observational data. Standard independence tests assume that the data samples are independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) but that assumption is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-07-04 Ragib Ahsan , Zahra Fatemi , David Arbour , Elena Zheleva

We show that the stochastic independence of real-valued random variables is equivalent to the conditional uncorrelation, where the conditioning takes place over the Cartesian products of intervals. Next, we express the mutual independence…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-04 Dawid Tarłowski

Measuring dependence between two events, or equivalently between two binary random variables, amounts to expressing the dependence structure inherent in a $2\times 2$ contingency table in a real number between $-1$ and $1$. Countless such…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-13 Marc-Oliver Pohle , Timo Dimitriadis , Jan-Lukas Wermuth

Testing the independence between random vectors is a fundamental problem in statistics. Distance correlation, a recently popular dependence measure, is universally consistent for testing independence against all distributions with finite…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-08-22 Yuwei Ke , Hok Kan Ling , Yanglei Song