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Related papers: Bayesian Concept Bottleneck Models with LLM Priors

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In recent years, the black-box nature of deep learning models has limited their application in high-stakes domains such as medical diagnosis and finance, where interpretability is essential. To address this, we propose a novel approach…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yike Sun , Mingkun Xu , Mu You , Zhongzhi He , Henghua Shen , Zehan Tan , Derek F. Wong , Tao Fang

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable breadth of knowledge, yet their ability to reason about computational processes remains poorly understood. Closing this gap matters for practitioners who rely on LLMs to guide algorithm…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Sohan Venkatesh , Ashish Mahendran Kurapath , Tejas Melkote

We study how large language models (LLMs) reason about memorized knowledge through simple binary relations such as equality ($=$), inequality ($<$), and inclusion ($\subset$). Unlike in-context reasoning, the axioms (e.g., $a < b, b < c$)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Jonathan Shaki , Emanuele La Malfa , Michael Wooldridge , Sarit Kraus

Large language models (LLMs) have led to breakthroughs in language tasks, yet the internal mechanisms that enable their remarkable generalization and reasoning abilities remain opaque. This lack of transparency presents challenges such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Haiyan Zhao , Fan Yang , Bo Shen , Himabindu Lakkaraju , Mengnan Du

Language Models (LMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in solving complex reasoning tasks, particularly when prompted to generate intermediate explanations. However, it remains an open question whether these intermediate reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Moritz Miller , Kumar Shridhar

Large language models (LLMs) enable researchers to analyze text at unprecedented scale and minimal cost. Researchers can now revisit old questions and tackle novel ones with rich data. We provide an econometric framework for realizing this…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-12-08 Jens Ludwig , Sendhil Mullainathan , Ashesh Rambachan

Recent advances in multimodal large language models (LLMs) have shown extreme effectiveness in visual question answering (VQA). However, the design nature of these end-to-end models prevents them from being interpretable to humans,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Xingyu Fu , Ben Zhou , Sihao Chen , Mark Yatskar , Dan Roth

This paper investigates the logical reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). For a precisely defined yet tractable formulation, we choose the conceptually simple but technically complex task of constructing proofs in Boolean…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Yuan Xia , Akanksha Atrey , Fadoua Khmaissia , Kedar S. Namjoshi

Cross-modal reasoning (CMR), the intricate process of synthesizing and drawing inferences across divergent sensory modalities, is increasingly recognized as a crucial capability in the progression toward more sophisticated and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Shengsheng Qian , Zuyi Zhou , Dizhan Xue , Bing Wang , Changsheng Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) represent a class of deep learning models adept at understanding natural language and generating coherent responses to various prompts or queries. These models far exceed the complexity of conventional neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Minghao Shao , Abdul Basit , Ramesh Karri , Muhammad Shafique

Business Process Management (BPM) aims to improve organizational activities and their outcomes by managing the underlying processes. To achieve this, it is often necessary to consider information from various sources, including unstructured…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-20 Michael Grohs , Luka Abb , Nourhan Elsayed , Jana-Rebecca Rehse

Despite the transformative impact of deep learning across multiple domains, the inherent opacity of these models has driven the development of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI). Among these efforts, Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Songning Lai , Jiayu Yang , Yu Huang , Lijie Hu , Tianlang Xue , Zhangyi Hu , Jiaxu Li , Haicheng Liao , Yutao Yue

Large language Model (LLM)-assisted algorithm discovery is an iterative, black-box optimization process over programs to approximatively solve a target task, where an LLM proposes candidate programs and an external evaluator provides task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Timothee Leleu , Sudeera Gunathilaka , Federico Ghimenti , Surya Ganguli

Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) are trained on large amounts of unlabeled data, yet they exhibit remarkable reasoning skills. However, the trustworthiness challenges posed by these black-box models have become increasingly evident in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Yunxiao Zhao , Hao Xu , Zhiqiang Wang , Xiaoli Li , Jiye Liang , Ru Li

We are concerned with the challenge of reliably classifying and assessing intracranial aneurysms using deep learning without compromising clinical transparency. While traditional black-box models achieve high predictive accuracy, their lack…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Toqa Khaled , Ahmad Al-Kabbany

Post-hoc explanation methods for black-box models often struggle with faithfulness and human interpretability due to the lack of explainability in current neural architectures. Meanwhile, B-cos networks have been introduced to improve model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Yifan Wang , Sukrut Rao , Ji-Ung Lee , Mayank Jobanputra , Vera Demberg

Multilevel models (MLMs) are a central building block of the Bayesian workflow. They enable joint, interpretable modeling of data across hierarchical levels and provide a fully probabilistic quantification of uncertainty. Despite their…

Unlike human reasoning in abstract conceptual spaces, large language models (LLMs) typically reason by generating discrete tokens, which potentially limit their expressive power. The recent work Soft Thinking has shown that LLMs' latent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Kang Wang , Xiangyu Duan , Tianyi Du

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) and other concept-based interpretable models show great promise for making AI applications more transparent, which is essential in fields like medicine. Despite their success, we demonstrate that CBMs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Jessica Bader , Leander Girrbach , Stephan Alaniz , Zeynep Akata

Although large language models (LLMs) are highly interactive and extendable, current approaches to ensure reliability in deployments remain mostly limited to rejecting outputs with high uncertainty in order to avoid misinformation. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 T. Duy Nguyen-Hien , Desi R. Ivanova , Yee Whye Teh , Wee Sun Lee
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