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Achieving both accuracy and diverse reasoning remains challenging for Large Language Models (LLMs) in complex domains like mathematics. A key bottleneck is evaluating intermediate reasoning steps to guide generation without costly human…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Adam Younsi , Ahmed Attia , Abdalgader Abubaker , Mohamed El Amine Seddik , Hakim Hacid , Salem Lahlou

Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets; GFNs) are a class of generative models that learn to sample compositional objects proportionally to their a priori unknown value, their reward. We focus on the case where the reward has a specified,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Alexandre Larouche , Audrey Durand

Unitary Synthesis, the decomposition of a unitary matrix into a sequence of quantum gates, is a fundamental challenge in quantum compilation. Prevailing reinforcement learning (RL) approaches are often hampered by sparse reward signals,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-05 Inhoe Koo , Hyunho Cha , Jungwoo Lee

Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets) are a novel class of generative models designed to sample from unnormalized distributions and have found applications in various important tasks, attracting great research interest in their training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Rui Hu , Yifan Zhang , Zhuoran Li , Longbo Huang

Generative policies based on expressive model classes, such as diffusion and flow matching, are well-suited to complex control problems with highly multimodal action distributions. Their expressivity, however, comes at a significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Christos Ziakas , Alessandra Russo , Avishek Joey Bose

Generative flow networks (GFlowNets) are sequential sampling models trained to match a given distribution. GFlowNets have been successfully applied to various structured object generation tasks, sampling a diverse set of high-reward objects…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Marco Jiralerspong , Bilun Sun , Danilo Vucetic , Tianyu Zhang , Yoshua Bengio , Gauthier Gidel , Nikolay Malkin

Diffusion models have recently emerged as expressive policy representations for online reinforcement learning (RL). However, their iterative generative processes introduce substantial training and inference overhead. To overcome this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Xiaoyi Dong , Xi Sheryl Zhang , Jian Cheng

Diffusion policies are expressive yet incur high inference latency. Flow Matching (FM) enables one-step generation, but integrating it into Maximum Entropy Reinforcement Learning (MaxEnt RL) is challenging: the optimal policy is an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zeqiao Li , Yijing Wang , Haoyu Wang , Zheng Li , Zhiqiang Zuo

Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets) aim to generate diverse trajectories from a distribution in which the final states of the trajectories are proportional to the reward, serving as a powerful alternative to reinforcement learning for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Shuang Luo , Yinchuan Li , Shunyu Liu , Xu Zhang , Yunfeng Shao , Chao Wu

Combinatorial optimization (CO) problems are often NP-hard and thus out of reach for exact algorithms, making them a tempting domain to apply machine learning methods. The highly structured constraints in these problems can hinder either…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Dinghuai Zhang , Hanjun Dai , Nikolay Malkin , Aaron Courville , Yoshua Bengio , Ling Pan

Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets) are a flexible family of amortized samplers trained to generate discrete and compositional objects with probability proportional to a reward function. However, learning efficiency is constrained by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Pedro Dall'Antonia , Tiago da Silva , Daniel Csillag , Salem Lahlou , Diego Mesquita

Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets) are a family of generative models that learn to sample objects from a given probability distribution, potentially known up to a normalizing constant. Instead of working in the object space, GFlowNets…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Nikita Morozov , Ian Maksimov , Daniil Tiapkin , Sergey Samsonov

The design of fair and efficient algorithms for allocating public resources, such as school admissions, housing, or medical residency, has a profound social impact. In one-sided matching problems, where individuals are assigned to items…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Mayesha Tasnim , Erman Acar , Sennay Ghebreab

Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets) offer a powerful framework for sampling graphs in proportion to their rewards. However, existing approaches suffer from systematic biases due to inaccuracies in state transition probability computations.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-17 Hohyun Kim , Seunggeun Lee , Min-hwan Oh

We propose Flow-GRPO, the first method to integrate online policy gradient reinforcement learning (RL) into flow matching models. Our approach uses two key strategies: (1) an ODE-to-SDE conversion that transforms a deterministic Ordinary…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Jie Liu , Gongye Liu , Jiajun Liang , Yangguang Li , Jiaheng Liu , Xintao Wang , Pengfei Wan , Di Zhang , Wanli Ouyang

Generative flow networks (GFNs) are a class of models for sequential sampling of composite objects, which approximate a target distribution that is defined in terms of an energy function or a reward. GFNs are typically trained using a flow…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-17 Heiko Zimmermann , Fredrik Lindsten , Jan-Willem van de Meent , Christian A. Naesseth

Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets) have shown promising potential to generate high-scoring candidates with probability proportional to their rewards. As existing GFlowNets freely explore in state space, they encounter significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Xuan Yu , Xu Wang , Rui Zhu , Yudong Zhang , Yang Wang

Recent Progress in post-training flow matching for text-to-image (T2I) generation with Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) has demonstrated strong potential. However, it is hindered by a critical limitation: inaccurate advantage…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Yifu Luo , Haoyuan Sun , Xinhao Hu , Penghui Du , Keyu Fan , Bo Li , Sinan Du , Xu Wan , Zhiyu Chen , Bo Xia , Tiantian Zhang , Yongzhe Chang , Changqian Yu , Kun Gai , Xueqian Wang

Reparameterization Policy Gradient (RPG) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for model-based reinforcement learning, enabling high sample efficiency by backpropagating gradients through differentiable dynamics. However, prior RPG approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Hai Zhong , Zhuoran Li , Xun Wang , Longbo Huang

Deep learning is emerging as an effective tool in drug discovery, with potential applications in both predictive and generative models. Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets/GFNs) are a recently introduced method recognized for the ability to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Elaine Lau , Nikhil Vemgal , Doina Precup , Emmanuel Bengio