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The rapid adoption of large language models (LLMs) has created significant challenges for efficient inference at scale. Unlike traditional workloads, LLM inference is constrained by both computation and the memory overhead of key-value (KV)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Chengyi Nie , Nian Si , Zijie Zhou

With the emergence of Non-Volatile Memories (NVMs) and their shortcomings such as limited endurance and high power consumption in write requests, several studies have suggested hybrid memory architecture employing both Dynamic Random Access…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2018-05-08 Reza Salkhordeh , Hossein Asadi

Medical language models must be updated as evidence and terminology evolve, yet sequential updating can trigger catastrophic forgetting. Although biomedical NLP has many static benchmarks, no unified, task-diverse benchmark exists for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Min Zeng , Shuang Zhou , Zaifu Zhan , Rui Zhang

One weakness of machine learning algorithms is the poor ability of models to solve new problems without forgetting previously acquired knowledge. The Continual Learning (CL) paradigm has emerged as a protocol to systematically investigate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-02 Heinke Hihn , Daniel A. Braun

We introduce a new training paradigm that enforces interval constraints on neural network parameter space to control forgetting. Contemporary Continual Learning (CL) methods focus on training neural networks efficiently from a stream of…

Adversarial robustness remains a critical challenge in deploying neural network classifiers, particularly in real-time systems where ground-truth labels are unavailable during inference. This paper investigates \textit{Volatility in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Vahid Hemmati , Ahmad Mohammadi , Abdul-Rauf Nuhu , Reza Ahmari , Parham Kebria , Abdollah Homaifar

Compute in-memory (CIM) is a promising technique that minimizes data transport, the primary performance bottleneck and energy cost of most data intensive applications. This has found wide-spread adoption in accelerating neural networks for…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-16 Brian Crafton , Samuel Spetalnick , Arijit Raychowdhury

Bottleneck evaluation plays a crucial part in performance tuning of HPC applications, as it directly influences the search for optimizations and the selection of the best hardware for a given code. In this paper, we introduce a new…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Aurélien Delval , Pablo de Oliveira Castro , William Jalby , Etienne Renault

Large language models (LLMs) are typically served from clusters of GPUs/NPUs that consist of large number of devices. Unfortunately, communication between these devices incurs significant overhead, increasing the inference latency and cost…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Ahmet Caner Yüzügüler , Jiawei Zhuang , Lukas Cavigelli

Large Language Model (LLM) inference is increasingly constrained by GPU memory capacity rather than compute throughput, driven by growing model sizes and the linear growth of the key-value (KV) cache during autoregressive decoding. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Nikhil Gopal , Kostis Kaffes

The development of large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized automated code generation. However, their high demand of computation resources has hindered a broader deployment and raised environmental concerns. A common strategy for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Xiangyu Zhang , Yu Zhou , Guang Yang , Harald C. Gall , Taolue Chen

The current flash memory technology focuses on the cost minimization of its static storage capacity. However, the resulting approach supports a relatively small number of program-erase cycles. This technology is effective for consumer…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-01-05 Eyal En Gad , Eitan Yaakobi , Anxiao , Jiang , Jehoshua Bruck

Resistive memories have limited lifetime caused by limited write endurance and highly non-uniform write access patterns. Two main techniques to mitigate endurance-related memory failures are 1) wear-leveling, to evenly distribute the writes…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Leonid Yavits , Lois Orosa , Suyash Mahar , João Dinis Ferreira , Mattan Erez , Ran Ginosar , Onur Mutlu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized a wide range of domains such as natural language processing, computer vision, and multi-modal tasks due to their ability to comprehend context and perform logical reasoning. However, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Haoyang Li , Yiming Li , Anxin Tian , Tianhao Tang , Zhanchao Xu , Xuejia Chen , Nicole Hu , Wei Dong , Qing Li , Lei Chen

The potential of demand side as a frequency reserve proposes interesting opportunity in handling imbalances due to intermittent renewable energy sources. This paper proposes a novel approach for computing the parameters of a stochastic…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2020-04-23 Sohail Khan , Mohsin Shahzad , Usman Habib , Wolfgang Gawlik , Peter Palensky

The alignment of heterogeneous sequential data (video to text) is an important and challenging problem. Standard techniques for this task, including Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) and Conditional Random Fields (CRFs), suffer from inherent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-04-11 Pelin Dogan , Boyang Li , Leonid Sigal , Markus Gross

The growth of machine learning (ML) workloads has underscored the importance of efficient memory hierarchies to address bandwidth, latency, and scalability challenges. HERMES focuses on optimizing memory subsystems for RISC-V architectures…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Pranav Suryadevara

Memory caches are being aggressively used in today's data-parallel frameworks such as Spark, Tez and Storm. By caching input and intermediate data in memory, compute tasks can witness speedup by orders of magnitude. To maximize the chance…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-08-29 Yinghao Yu , Wei Wang , Jun Zhang , Khaled B. Letaief

In this work, we study the performance of different decoding schemes for multilevel flash memories where each page in every block is encoded independently. We focus on the multi-level cell (MLC) flash memory, which is modeled as a two-user…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-05-04 Pengfei Huang , Paul H. Siegel , Eitan Yaakobi

Storage Class Memory (SCM) is a class of memory technology which has recently become viable for use. Their namearises from the fact that they exhibit non-volatility of data, similar to secondary storage while also having latencies…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2019-09-27 Aditya K Kamath , Leslie Monis , A Tarun Karthik , Basavaraj Talawar