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Enhancing the adaptive capabilities of large language models is a critical pursuit in both research and application. Traditional fine-tuning methods require substantial data and computational resources, especially for enhancing specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Futing Wang , Jianhao Yan , Yue Zhang , Tao Lin

Prefix caching is a key optimization in Large Language Model (LLM) serving, reusing attention Key-Value (KV) states across requests with shared prompt prefixes to reduce expensive prefill computation. However, its benefit depends critically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Shaoke Fang , Ziang Li , Wenfei Wu , Jiatong Ji , Qingsong Liu , Ruizhi Pu

The context window of large language models (LLMs) is rapidly increasing, leading to a huge variance in resource usage between different requests as well as between different phases of the same request. Restricted by static parallelism…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Bingyang Wu , Shengyu Liu , Yinmin Zhong , Peng Sun , Xuanzhe Liu , Xin Jin

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly play an important role in a wide range of information processing and management tasks in industry. Many of these tasks are performed in large batches or even offline, and the performance indicator…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Zhen Zheng , Xin Ji , Taosong Fang , Fanghao Zhou , Chuanjie Liu , Gang Peng

Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming recommendation from ranking into a generative task, but industrial deployment remains limited by the high latency of processing long, personalized prompts. Standard prefix caching provides…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Zhan Zhao , Yuxin Wang , Amelie Chi Zhou

Large Language Models (LLMs) are revolutionizing how users interact with information systems, yet their high inference cost poses serious scalability and sustainability challenges. Caching inference responses, allowing them to be retrieved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Xutong Liu , Baran Atalar , Xiangxiang Dai , Jinhang Zuo , Siwei Wang , John C. S. Lui , Wei Chen , Carlee Joe-Wong

Modern large language models (LLMs) extend context lengths to millions of tokens, enabling coherent, personalized responses grounded in long conversational history. However, the Key-Value (KV) cache grows linearly with the extended dialogue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Minsoo Kim , Arnav Kundu , Han-Byul Kim , Richa Dixit , Minsik Cho

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) extend LLMs to handle images, videos, and audio by incorporating feature extractors and projection modules. However, these additional components -- combined with complex inference pipelines and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Zedong Liu , Shenggan Cheng , Guangming Tan , Yang You , Dingwen Tao

Multi-agent large language model (LLM) systems are increasingly adopted for complex language processing tasks that require communication and coordination among agents. However, these systems often suffer substantial overhead from repeated…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Hancheng Ye , Zhengqi Gao , Mingyuan Ma , Qinsi Wang , Yuzhe Fu , Ming-Yu Chung , Yueqian Lin , Zhijian Liu , Jianyi Zhang , Danyang Zhuo , Yiran Chen

Providing extensive context via prompting is vital for leveraging the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, lengthy contexts significantly increase inference latency, as the computational cost of self-attention grows…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Guojie Liu , Yiqi Wang , Yanfeng Yang , Wenqi Fan , Songlei Jian , Jianfeng Zhang , Jie Yu

Efficiently serving Large Language Models (LLMs) with persistent Prefix Key-Value (KV) Cache is critical for applications like conversational search and multi-turn dialogue. Serving a request requires loading the pre-computed prefix KV…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Jing Zou , Shangyu Wu , Hancong Duan , Qiao Li , Chun Jason Xue

Whether attention key value (KV) states computed for one prompt for a small LLM can be reused to accelerate inference on a new similar prompt, giving an increase to the space to its context memory using an approach called token recycling.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Prashant Pandey

Efficient key-value (KV) cache compression is critical for scaling transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) in long sequences and resource-limited settings. Existing methods evict tokens based on their positions or importance scores,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Ziwei He , Jian Yuan , Haoli Bai , Jingwen Leng , Bo Jiang

The revolutionary capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) are attracting rapidly growing popularity and leading to soaring user requests to inference serving systems. Caching techniques, which leverage data reuse to reduce computation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Longwei Zou , Yan Liu , Jiamu Kang , Tingfeng Liu , Jiangang Kong , Yangdong Deng

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed across edge and cloud platforms for real-time question-answering and retrieval-augmented generation. However, processing lengthy contexts in distributed systems incurs high…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Camille Couturier , Spyros Mastorakis , Haiying Shen , Saravan Rajmohan , Victor Rühle

Prefix caching is a key latency optimization for autoregressive LLM serving, yet existing systems assume dense per-token key/value reuse. State-space models change the structure of the problem: a recurrent layer can resume from a single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Mikhail Shirokikh , Sergey Nikolenko

The identification of relevance with little textual context is a primary challenge in passage retrieval. We address this problem with a representation-based ranking approach that: (1) explicitly models the importance of each term using a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-05-22 Sean MacAvaney , Franco Maria Nardini , Raffaele Perego , Nicola Tonellotto , Nazli Goharian , Ophir Frieder

Recent advancements in large language models (LLM) capable of processing extremely long texts highlight the need for a dedicated evaluation benchmark to assess their long-context capabilities. However, existing methods, like the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Taewhoo Lee , Chanwoong Yoon , Kyochul Jang , Donghyeon Lee , Minju Song , Hyunjae Kim , Jaewoo Kang

The rapid emergence of new entities -- driven by cultural shifts, evolving trends, and personalized user data -- poses a significant challenge for existing Speech Large Language Models (Speech LLMs). While these models excel at general…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Peidong Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) rely on optimizations like Automatic Prefix Caching (APC) to accelerate inference. APC works by reusing previously computed states for the beginning part of a request (prefix), when another request starts with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Panagiotis Georgios Pennas , Konstantinos Papaioannou , Marco Guarnieri , Thaleia Dimitra Doudali