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Compute-in-memory (CiM) emerges as a promising solution to solve hardware challenges in artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT), particularly addressing the "memory wall" issue. By utilizing nonvolatile memory (NVM)…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Yifei Zhou , Thomas Kämpfe , Kai Ni , Hussam Amrouch , Cheng Zhuo , Xunzhao Yin

Compute-in-memory (CiM) is a promising solution for addressing the challenges of artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) hardware such as 'memory wall' issue. Specifically, CiM employing nonvolatile memory (NVM)…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-01-11 Yifei Zhou , Xuchu Huang , Jianyi Yang , Kai Ni , Hussam Amrouch , Cheng Zhuo , Xunzhao Yin

Compute-in-memory (CiM) is a promising approach to alleviating the memory wall problem for domain-specific applications. Compared to current-domain CiM solutions, charge-domain CiM shows the opportunity for higher energy efficiency and…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-02-03 Guodong Yin , Yi Cai , Juejian Wu , Zhengyang Duan , Zhenhua Zhu , Yongpan Liu , Yu Wang , Huazhong Yang , Xueqing Li

Computationally hard combinatorial optimization problems are pervasive in science and engineering, yet their NP-hard nature renders them increasingly inefficient to solve on conventional von Neumann architectures as problem size grows.…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Yu Qian , Alptekin Vardar , Konrad Seidel , David Lehninger , Maximilian Lederer , Zhiguo Shi , Cheng Zhuo , Kai Ni , Thomas Kämpfe , Xunzhao Yin

To address the increasing computational demands of artificial intelligence (AI) and big data, compute-in-memory (CIM) integrates memory and processing units into the same physical location, reducing the time and energy overhead of the…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Xiwen Liu , Keshava Katti , Yunfei He , Paul Jacob , Claudia Richter , Uwe Schroeder , Santosh Kurinec , Pratik Chaudhari , Deep Jariwala

Realizing today's cloud-level artificial intelligence functionalities directly on devices distributed at the edge of the internet calls for edge hardware capable of processing multiple modalities of sensory data (e.g. video, audio) at…

The quest for energy-efficient, scalable neuromorphic computing has elevated compute-in-memory (CIM) architectures to the forefront of hardware innovation. While memristive memories have been extensively explored for synaptic implementation…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-08-20 Kapil Bhardwaj , Ella Paasio , Sayani Majumdar

Ferroelectric field effect transistors (FeFETs) are being actively investigated with the potential for in-memory computing (IMC) over other non-volatile memories (NVMs). Content Addressable Memories (CAMs) are a form of IMC that performs…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-07-20 Xunzhao Yin , Chao Li , Qingrong Huang , Li Zhang , Michael Niemier , Xiaobo Sharon Hu , Cheng Zhuo , Kai Ni

The remarkable advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), primarily driven by deep neural networks, are facing challenges surrounding unsustainable computational trajectories, limited robustness, and a lack of explainability. To develop…

In scenarios with limited training data or where explainability is crucial, conventional neural network-based machine learning models often face challenges. In contrast, Bayesian inference-based algorithms excel in providing interpretable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Chao Li , Zhicheng Xu , Bo Wen , Ruibin Mao , Can Li , Thomas Kämpfe , Kai Ni , Xunzhao Yin

In this work, we propose a ferroelectric FET(FeFET) time-domain compute-in-memory (TD-CiM) array as a homogeneous processing fabric for binary multiplication-accumulation (MAC) and content addressable memory (CAM). We demonstrate that: i)…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Xunzhao Yin , Qingrong Huang , Franz Müller , Shan Deng , Alptekin Vardar , Sourav De , Zhouhang Jiang , Mohsen Imani , Cheng Zhuo , Thomas Kämpfe , Kai Ni

Computationally hard combinatorial optimization problems (COPs) are ubiquitous in many applications, including logistical planning, resource allocation, chip design, drug explorations, and more. Due to their critical significance and the…

The exponential growth of artificial intelligence (AI) applications has exposed the inefficiency of conventional von Neumann architectures, where frequent data transfers between compute units and memory create significant energy and latency…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-18 James Read , Ming-Yen Lee , Wei-Hsing Huang , Yuan-Chun Luo , Anni Lu , Shimeng Yu

Rapid advancements in artificial intelligence have given rise to transformative models, profoundly impacting our lives. These models demand massive volumes of data to operate effectively, exacerbating the data-transfer bottleneck inherent…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Zhicheng Xu , Che-Kai Liu , Chao Li , Ruibin Mao , Jianyi Yang , Thomas Kämpfe , Mohsen Imani , Can Li , Cheng Zhuo , Xunzhao Yin

As a promising alternative to the Von Neumann architecture, in-memory computing holds the promise of delivering high computing capacity while consuming low power. Content addressable memory (CAM) can implement pattern matching and distance…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-07-10 Zijing Zhao , Junzhe Kang , Ashwin Tunga , Hojoon Ryu , Ankit Shukla , Shaloo Rakheja , Wenjuan Zhu

Traditional machine learning depends on high-precision arithmetic and near-ideal hardware assumptions, which is increasingly challenged by variability in aggressively scaled semiconductor devices. Compute-in-memory (CIM) architectures…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-04-15 William Youngwoo Chung , Hamza Errahmouni Barkam , Tamoghno Das , Mohsen Imani

Current Artificial Intelligence (AI) computation systems face challenges, primarily from the memory-wall issue, limiting overall system-level performance, especially for Edge devices with constrained battery budgets, such as smartphones,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Lucas Huijbregts , Liu Hsiao-Hsuan , Paul Detterer , Said Hamdioui , Amirreza Yousefzadeh , Rajendra Bishnoi

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive performance in various natural language processing (NLP) applications. However, the high memory and computation cost induced by the KV cache limits the inference…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Weikai Xu , Wenxuan Zeng , Qianqian Huang , Meng Li , Ru Huang

This work presents a novel approach to configure 2T-nC ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) for performing single cell logic-in-memory operations, highlighting its advantages in energy-efficient computation over conventional DRAM-based approaches.…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Rudra Biswas , Jiahui Duan , Shan Deng , Xuezhong Niu , Yixin Qin , Prapti Panigrahi , Varun Parekh , Rajiv Joshi , Kai Ni , Vijaykrishnan Narayanan

Analog Content Addressable Memories (aCAMs) have proven useful for associative in-memory computing applications like Decision Trees, Finite State Machines, and Hyper-dimensional Computing. While non-volatile implementations using FeFETs and…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Paul-Philipp Manea , Nathan Leroux , Emre Neftci , John Paul Strachan
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