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The non-Hermitian skin effects are representative phenomena intrinsic to non-Hermitian systems: the energy spectra and eigenstates under the open boundary condition (OBC) drastically differ from those under the periodic boundary condition…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-05-30 Yusuke O. Nakai , Nobuyuki Okuma , Daichi Nakamura , Kenji Shimomura , Masatoshi Sato

We discover that the interplay between Hilbert space fragmentation and multiple non-Hermitian pumping channels leads to distinct non-Hermitian skin effect (NHSE) in real and Fock spaces. Using an extended Hatano-Nelson model with…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2025-04-10 Yi-An Wang , Linhu Li

The non-Hermitian skin effect (NHSE), an anomalous localization behavior of the bulk states, is an inherently non-Hermitian phenomenon, which can not find a counterpart in Hermitian systems. However, the fragility of NHSE has been revealed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-30 Shuai Li , Min Liu , Yue Zhang , Rui Tian , Maksims Arzamasovs , Bo Liu

Parity-time ($\mathcal{PT}$) symmetry is a cornerstone of non-Hermitian physics as it ensures real energies for stable experimental realization of non-Hermitian phenomena. In this work, we propose $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry as a paradigm for…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-03-22 Zhoutao Lei , Ching Hua Lee , Linhu Li

Non-Hermitian systems exhibit unique boundary phenomena absent in their Hermitian counterparts, most notably the non-Hermitian skin effect (NHSE). In this work, we explore a lattice model consisting of two coupled non-reciprocal chains,…

Optics · Physics 2025-12-12 Yixuan Li , Linhu Li , Zhihao Xu

The past decades have witnessed an explosion of interest in topological materials, and a lot of mathematical concepts have been introduced in condensed matter physics. Among them, the bulk-boundary correspondence is the central topic in…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-03-29 Nobuyuki Okuma , Masatoshi Sato

The paradigm shift of the Hermitian systems into the non-Hermitian regime profoundly modifies the inherent topological property, leading to various unprecedented effects such as the non-Hermitian skin effect (NHSE). In the past decade, the…

Classical Physics · Physics 2023-08-21 Yun-Kai Liu , Pei-Chao Cao , Minghong Qi , Qiang-Kai-Lai Huang , Yu-Gui Peng , Ying Li , Xue-Feng Zhu

A non-Hermitian system is characterized by the violation of energy conservation. As a result of unbalanced gain or loss in the forward and backward directions due to non-reciprocal couplings, the eigenmodes of such systems exhibit extreme…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-08-04 S M Rafi-Ul-Islam , Zhuo Bin Siu , Haydar Sahin , Ching Hua Lee , Mansoor B. A. Jalil

It is generally believed that the non-Hermitian effect (NHSE), due to its non-reciprocal nature, creates barriers for the appearance of impurity bound states. In this paper, we find that in two and higher dimensions, the presence of…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-02-09 Ao Yang , Zixi Fang , Kai Zhang , Chen Fang

Non-Hermitian systems exhibit unique spectral properties, including the non-Hermitian skin effect and exceptional points, often influenced by boundary conditions. The modulation of these phenomena by generalized boundary conditions remains…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-20 S Rahul , Pasquale Marra

Systems with non-Hermitian skin effects are very sensitive to the imposed boundary conditions and lattice size, and thus an important question is whether non-Hermitian skin effects can survive when deviating from the open boundary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-15 Cui-Xian Guo , Chun-Hui Liu , Xiao-Ming Zhao , Yanxia Liu , Shu Chen

The finding of non-Hermitian skin effect has revolutionized our understanding of non-Hermitian topological phases, where the usual bulk-boundary correspondence is broken and new topological phases specific to non-Hermitian system are…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-04-19 Weiwei Zhu , Linhu Li

Non-Hermitian skin effect denotes the exponential localization of a large number of eigen-states in a non-Hermitian lattice under open boundary conditions. Such a non-Hermiticity-induced skin effect can offset the penetration depth of…

Optics · Physics 2021-11-17 Qinghui Yan , Hongsheng Chen , Yihao Yang

The non-Hermitian skin effect (NHSE) is a phenomenon where the bulk states tend to the boundary within a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian system, with broad applications across various fields. A comprehensive understanding of anomalies in skin…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-01-17 Xu Chao , Guan Zhiqiang , Xu Hongxing

The non-Hermitian (NH) skin effect is a truly NH feature, which manifests itself as an accumulation of states, known as skin states, on the boundaries of a system. In this perspective, we discuss several aspects of the NH skin effect…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-18 Julius T. Gohsrich , Ayan Banerjee , Flore K. Kunst

Topological phases of matter are conventionally characterized by the bulk-boundary correspondence in Hermitian systems: The topological invariant of the bulk in $d$ dimensions corresponds to the number of $(d-1)$-dimensional boundary…

Solids built out of active components can exhibit non-reciprocal elastic coefficients that give rise to non-Hermitian wave phenomena. Here, we investigate non-Hermitian effects present at the boundary of two-dimensional active elastic media…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2020-09-16 Colin Scheibner , William T. M. Irvine , Vincenzo Vitelli

The interplay between the non-Hermiticity and dimensionality gives rise to exotic characteristics in higher dimensions, with one representative phenomenon known as the geometry-dependent skin effect (GDSE), which refers to that the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-08 Yi Qin , Kai Zhang , Linhu Li

In ordered, translationally invariant non-Hermitian systems, the skin effect is understood as a boundary phenomenon: nonreciprocal hopping drives an extensive accumulation of eigenstates towards the edges, whereas the periodic-boundary…

Optics · Physics 2026-04-02 Yeyang Sun , Shu Yang , Yi Yang

Robust boundary states epitomize how deep physics can give rise to concrete experimental signatures with technological promise. Of late, much attention has focused on two distinct mechanisms for boundary robustness - topological protection,…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-12-30 Deyuan Zou , Tian Chen , Wenjing He , Jiacheng Bao , Ching Hua Lee , Houjun Sun , Xiangdong Zhang