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Given the growing influx of misinformation across news and social media, there is a critical need for systems that can provide effective real-time verification of news claims. Large language or multimodal model based verification has been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Jaeyoung Lee , Ximing Lu , Jack Hessel , Faeze Brahman , Youngjae Yu , Yonatan Bisk , Yejin Choi , Saadia Gabriel

Factual inconsistency with source documents in automatically generated summaries can lead to misinformation or pose risks. Existing factual consistency (FC) metrics are constrained by their performance, efficiency, and explainability.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Zheheng Luo , Qianqian Xie , Sophia Ananiadou

The propensity of Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate hallucinations and non-factual content undermines their reliability in high-stakes domains, where rigorous control over Type I errors (the conditional probability of incorrectly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Fan Nie , Xiaotian Hou , Shuhang Lin , James Zou , Huaxiu Yao , Linjun Zhang

Existing question answering (QA) datasets fail to train QA systems to perform complex reasoning and provide explanations for answers. We introduce HotpotQA, a new dataset with 113k Wikipedia-based question-answer pairs with four key…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-26 Zhilin Yang , Peng Qi , Saizheng Zhang , Yoshua Bengio , William W. Cohen , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Christopher D. Manning

Despite recent concerns about undesirable behaviors generated by large language models (LLMs), including non-factual, biased, and hateful language, we find LLMs are inherent multi-task language checkers based on their latent representations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-10 Tianhua Zhang , Hongyin Luo , Yung-Sung Chuang , Wei Fang , Luc Gaitskell , Thomas Hartvigsen , Xixin Wu , Danny Fox , Helen Meng , James Glass

As machine learning models evolve, maintaining transparency demands more human-centric explainable AI techniques. Counterfactual explanations, with roots in human reasoning, identify the minimal input changes needed to obtain a given output…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Marharyta Domnich , Julius Välja , Rasmus Moorits Veski , Giacomo Magnifico , Kadi Tulver , Eduard Barbu , Raul Vicente

This paper introduces the Cross-lingual Fact Extraction and VERification (XFEVER) dataset designed for benchmarking the fact verification models across different languages. We constructed it by translating the claim and evidence texts of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Yi-Chen Chang , Canasai Kruengkrai , Junichi Yamagishi

Hierarchical Text Classification (HTC) is a natural language processing task with the objective to classify text documents into a set of classes from a structured class hierarchy. Many HTC approaches have been proposed which attempt to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Jaco du Toit , Herman Redelinghuys , Marcel Dunaiski

An important challenge for news fact-checking is the effective dissemination of existing fact-checks. This in turn brings the need for reliable methods to detect previously fact-checked claims. In this paper, we focus on automatically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Ashkan Kazemi , Zehua Li , Verónica Pérez-Rosas , Scott A. Hale , Rada Mihalcea

In response to the growing problem of misinformation in the context of globalization and informatization, this paper proposes a classification method for fact-check-worthiness estimation based on prompt tuning. We construct a model for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Yinglong Yu , Hao Shen , Zhengyi Lyu , Qi He

Large audio language models (LALMs) leverage multimodal representations to generate open-ended answers to natural language queries about audio. In this paper, we (1) provide empirical evidence that assessment of LALMs using the popular…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Daniel Chenyu Lin , Michael Freeman , John Thickstun

Phishing remains a pervasive and growing threat, inflicting heavy economic and reputational damage. While machine learning has been effective in real-time detection of phishing attacks, progress is hindered by lack of large, high-quality…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Thomas Dalton , Hemanth Gowda , Girish Rao , Sachin Pargi , Alireza Hadj Khodabakhshi , Joseph Rombs , Stephan Jou , Manish Marwah

Recent benchmark efforts have advanced the evaluation of large language models (LLMs) in cybersecurity, including tasks such as penetration testing and vulnerability identification. However, a critical cybersecurity task, namely intrusion…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Danyu Sun , Jinghuai Zhang , Yuan Tian , Zhou Li

Language agents increasingly act as web-enabled systems that search, browse, and synthesize information from diverse sources. However, these sources can include unreliable or adversarial content, and the robustness of agents to adversarial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Shrey Shah , Levent Ozgur

Assessing the veracity of a claim made online is a complex and important task with real-world implications. When these claims are directed at communities with limited access to information and the content concerns issues such as healthcare…

Large Language Models (LLMs) augmented with retrieval mechanisms have demonstrated significant potential in fact-checking tasks by integrating external knowledge. However, their reliability decreases when confronted with conflicting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Ziyu Ge , Yuhao Wu , Daniel Wai Kit Chin , Roy Ka-Wei Lee , Rui Cao

Recent advancements in Language Models (LMs) have catalyzed the creation of multiple benchmarks, designed to assess these models' general capabilities. A crucial task, however, is assessing the validity of the benchmarks themselves. This is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Yotam Perlitz , Ariel Gera , Ofir Arviv , Asaf Yehudai , Elron Bandel , Eyal Shnarch , Michal Shmueli-Scheuer , Leshem Choshen

While large language models (LLMs) have proven to be effective on a large variety of tasks, they are also known to hallucinate information. To measure whether an LLM prefers factually consistent continuations of its input, we propose a new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Derek Tam , Anisha Mascarenhas , Shiyue Zhang , Sarah Kwan , Mohit Bansal , Colin Raffel

Existing benchmarks for fake news detection have significantly contributed to the advancement of models in assessing the authenticity of news content. However, these benchmarks typically focus solely on news pertaining to a single semantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Ziyi Zhou , Xiaoming Zhang , Litian Zhang , Jiacheng Liu , Senzhang Wang , Zheng Liu , Xi Zhang , Chaozhuo Li , Philip S. Yu

Existing analysis work in machine reading comprehension (MRC) is largely concerned with evaluating the capabilities of systems. However, the capabilities of datasets are not assessed for benchmarking language understanding precisely. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-22 Saku Sugawara , Pontus Stenetorp , Kentaro Inui , Akiko Aizawa