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Polar codes have attracted the attention of numerous researchers in the past decade due to their excellent performance. However, their performance at short block lengths under standard successive cancellation decoding is far from desirable.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-13 Wei Zhang

This paper formulates the polar-code construction problem for the successive-cancellation list (SCL) decoder as a maze-traversing game, which can be solved by reinforcement learning techniques. The proposed method provides a novel technique…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Yun Liao , Seyyed Ali Hashemi , John Cioffi , Andrea Goldsmith

Nonbinary polar codes defined over Galois field GF(q) have shown improved error-correction performance than binary polar codes using successive-cancellation list (SCL) decoding. However, nonbinary operations are complex and a direct-mapped…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-02-16 Yaoyu Tao , Cedric Choi

We present in this paper a special class of unit memory convolutional codes (UMCCs), called semi-random UMCCs (SRUMCCs), where the information block is first encoded by a short block code and then transmitted in a block Markov (random)…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-07-27 Wenchao Lin , Suihua Cai , Baodian Wei , Xiao Ma

While constructing polar codes for successive-cancellation decoding can be implemented efficiently by sorting the bit-channels, finding optimal polar codes for cyclic-redundancy-check-aided successive-cancellation list (CA-SCL) decoding in…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Yun Liao , Seyyed Ali Hashemi , Hengjie Yang , John M. Cioffi

Successive-cancellation list (SCL) decoding of polar codes has been adopted for 5G. However, the performance is not very satisfactory with moderate code length. Heuristic or deep-learning-aided (DL-aided) flip algorithms have been developed…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Yaoyu Tao , Zhengya Zhang

Decoders that provide an estimate of the probability of a logical failure conditioned on the error syndrome ("soft-output decoders") can reduce the overhead cost of fault-tolerant quantum memory and computation. In this work, we construct…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-04 Nadine Meister , Christopher A. Pattison , John Preskill

We focus on the metric sorter unit of successive cancellation list decoders for polar codes, which lies on the critical path in all current hardware implementations of the decoder. We review existing metric sorter architectures and we…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2016-02-15 Alexios Balatsoukas-Stimming , Mani Bastani Parizi , Andreas Burg

A product code with single parity-check component codes can be described via the tools of a multi-kernel polar code, where the rows of the generator matrix are chosen according to the constraints imposed by the product code construction.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Mustafa Cemil Coşkun , Gianluigi Liva , Alexandre Graell i Amat , Michael Lentmaier , Henry D. Pfister

Polar codes, discovered by Ar{\i}kan, are the first error-correcting codes with an explicit construction to provably achieve channel capacity, asymptotically. However, their error-correction performance at finite lengths tends to be lower…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-06-16 Alexandre J. Raymond , Warren J. Gross

Polar codes are a class of linear error-correction codes that have received a lot of attention due to their ability to achieve channel capacity in an arbitrary binary discrete memoryless channel (B-DMC) with low-complexity…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Ilshat Sagitov , Charles Pillet , Alexios Balatsoukas-Stimming , Pascal Giard

Motivated by the need for channel codes with low-complexity soft-decision decoding algorithms, we consider the recursive Plotkin concatenation of optimal low-rate and high-rate codes based on simplex codes and their duals. These component…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Andreas Zunker , Marvin Rübenacke , Stephan ten Brink

Polar codes are capacity-achieving error-correcting codes with an explicit construction that can be decoded with low-complexity algorithms. In this work, we show how the state-of-the-art low-complexity decoding algorithm can be improved to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-08-29 Pascal Giard , Alexios Balatsoukas-Stimming , Gabi Sarkis , Claude Thibeault , Warren J. Gross

Maximum Likelihood (ML) decoding of forward error correction codes is known to be optimally accurate, but is not used in practice as it proves too challenging to efficiently implement. Here we introduce a ML decoder called SGRAND, which is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-01-10 Amit Solomon , Ken R. Duffy , Muriel Médard

Row-merged polar codes are a family of pre-transformed polar codes (PTPCs) with little precoding overhead. Providing an improved distance spectrum over plain polar codes, they are capable to perform close to the finite-length capacity…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Andreas Zunker , Marvin Geiselhart , Lucas Johannsen , Claus Kestel , Stephan ten Brink , Timo Vogt , Norbert Wehn

This paper presents a refined analysis of the block error rate (BLER) of polar codes over symmetric binary-input discrete memoryless channels under successive cancellation (SC) and successive cancellation list (SCL) decoding. A novel…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Hassan Noghrei , Murad Abdullah

We establish that a large, flexible class of long, high redundancy error correcting codes can be efficiently and accurately decoded with guessing random additive noise decoding (GRAND). Performance evaluation demonstrates that it is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Peihong Yuan , Muriel Medard , Kevin Galligan , Ken R. Duffy

Owing to its high parallelism, belief propagation (BP) decoding is highly amenable to high-throughput implementations and thus represents a promising solution for meeting the ultra-high peak data rate of future communication systems.…

The prevailing opinion in industry and academia is that polar codes are competitive for short code lengths, but can no longer keep up with low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes as block length increases. This view is typically based on the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Felix Krieg , Marvin Rübenacke , Andreas Zunker , Stephan ten Brink

Polar codes under successive cancellation decoding proposed by Ar{\i}kan provably achieve the symmetric capacity of any given binary-input discrete memoryless channel. The successive cancellation list decoder for polar codes was described…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-12-14 Zhuo Li , Lijuan Xing , Ba-Zhong Shen