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Graph Foundation Models (GFMs) are emerging as a significant research topic in the graph domain, aiming to develop graph models trained on extensive and diverse data to enhance their applicability across various tasks and domains.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Haitao Mao , Zhikai Chen , Wenzhuo Tang , Jianan Zhao , Yao Ma , Tong Zhao , Neil Shah , Mikhail Galkin , Jiliang Tang

Foundation models have emerged as critical components in a variety of artificial intelligence applications, and showcase significant success in natural language processing and several other domains. Meanwhile, the field of graph machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Jiawei Liu , Cheng Yang , Zhiyuan Lu , Junze Chen , Yibo Li , Mengmei Zhang , Ting Bai , Yuan Fang , Lichao Sun , Philip S. Yu , Chuan Shi

Foundation models, such as Large Language Models (LLMs) or Large Vision Models (LVMs), have emerged as one of the most powerful tools in the respective fields. However, unlike text and image data, graph data do not have a definitive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Lecheng Kong , Jiarui Feng , Hao Liu , Chengsong Huang , Jiaxin Huang , Yixin Chen , Muhan Zhang

Given the ubiquity of graph data and its applications in diverse domains, building a Graph Foundation Model (GFM) that can work well across different graphs and tasks with a unified backbone has recently garnered significant interests. A…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Zhikai Chen , Haitao Mao , Jingzhe Liu , Yu Song , Bingheng Li , Wei Jin , Bahare Fatemi , Anton Tsitsulin , Bryan Perozzi , Hui Liu , Jiliang Tang

Graph-structured data pervades domains such as social networks, biological systems, knowledge graphs, and recommender systems. While foundation models have transformed natural language processing, vision, and multimodal learning through…

Graph foundation models (GFM) aim to acquire transferable knowledge by pre-training on diverse graphs, which can be adapted to various downstream tasks. However, domain shift in graphs is inherently two-dimensional: graphs differ not only…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Xingtong Yu , Shenghua Ye , Ruijuan Liang , Chang Zhou , Hong Cheng , Xinming Zhang , Yuan Fang

Foundation Models (FMs) serve as a general class for the development of artificial intelligence systems, offering broad potential for generalization across a spectrum of downstream tasks. Despite extensive research into self-supervised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Yuhao Xu , Xinqi Liu , Keyu Duan , Yi Fang , Yu-Neng Chuang , Daochen Zha , Qiaoyu Tan

The pretrain-transfer paradigm, which underpins the success of large language models (LLMs), has demonstrated the immense power of creating foundation models that learn generalizable representations from vast datasets. However, extending…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yunhao Liang , Pujun Zhang , Yuan Qu , Shaochong Lin , Zuo-jun Max Shen

Graphs are an essential data structure utilized to represent relationships in real-world scenarios. Prior research has established that Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) deliver impressive outcomes in graph-centric tasks, such as link prediction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Xubin Ren , Jiabin Tang , Dawei Yin , Nitesh Chawla , Chao Huang

The foundation model has heralded a new era in artificial intelligence, pretraining a single model to offer cross-domain transferability on different datasets. Graph neural networks excel at learning graph data, the omnipresent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Li Sun , Zhenhao Huang , Suyang Zhou , Qiqi Wan , Hao Peng , Philip Yu

Graphs with abundant attributes are essential in modeling interconnected entities and enhancing predictions across various real-world applications. Traditional Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) often require re-training for different graph tasks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yanchao Tan , Hang Lv , Pengxiang Zhan , Shiping Wang , Carl Yang

Recent efforts leverage Large Language Models (LLMs) for modeling text-attributed graph structures in node classification tasks. These approaches describe graph structures for LLMs to understand or aggregate LLM-generated textual attribute…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Huachi Zhou , Jiahe Du , Chuang Zhou , Chang Yang , Yilin Xiao , Yuxuan Xie , Xiao Huang

Graph mining is an important area in data mining and machine learning that involves extracting valuable information from graph-structured data. In recent years, significant progress has been made in this field through the development of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Yuxin You , Zhen Liu , Xiangchao Wen , Yongtao Zhang , Wei Ai

In recent years, Graph Foundation Models (GFMs) have gained significant attention for their potential to generalize across diverse graph domains and tasks. Some works focus on Domain-Specific GFMs, which are designed to address a variety of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Yuxiang Wang , Wenqi Fan , Suhang Wang , Yao Ma

As large language models (LLMs) continue to revolutionize AI research, there is a growing interest in building large-scale brain foundation models to advance neuroscience. While most existing brain foundation models are pre-trained on…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-02-11 Xinxu Wei , Kanhao Zhao , Yong Jiao , Lifang He , Yu Zhang

The emergence of large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized the way we interact with graphs, leading to a new paradigm called GraphLLM. Despite the rapid development of GraphLLM methods in recent years, the progress and understanding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Yuhan Li , Peisong Wang , Xiao Zhu , Aochuan Chen , Haiyun Jiang , Deng Cai , Victor Wai Kin Chan , Jia Li

Developments in Graph-Language Models (GLMs) aim to integrate the structural reasoning capabilities of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) with the semantic understanding of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, we demonstrate that current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Soham Petkar , Hari Aakash K , Anirudh Vempati , Akshit Sinha , Ponnurangam Kumarauguru , Chirag Agarwal

Graph-structured data underpins many critical applications. While foundation models have transformed language and vision via large-scale pretraining and lightweight adaptation, extending this paradigm to general, real-world graphs is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Maya Bechler-Speicher , Yoel Gottlieb , Andrey Isakov , David Abensur , Ami Tavory , Daniel Haimovich , Ido Guy , Udi Weinsberg

Graph foundation models (GFMs), pretrained on massive graph data, have transformed graph machine learning by supporting general-purpose reasoning across diverse graph tasks and domains. Existing GFMs pretrained with fixed-hop subgraph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Haokun Liu , Zezhong Ding , Xike Xie

Inspired by the success of foundation models in applications such as ChatGPT, as graph data has been ubiquitous, one can envision the far-reaching impacts that can be brought by Graph Foundation Models (GFMs) with broader applications in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Zehong Wang , Zheyuan Zhang , Nitesh V Chawla , Chuxu Zhang , Yanfang Ye
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