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Since the introduction of the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), software developers increasingly have to make privacy-related decisions during system design and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Stefan Albert Horstmann , Sandy Hong , Maziar Niazian , Cristiana Santos , Alena Naiakshina

Cookie banners are devices implemented by websites to allow users to manage their privacy settings with respect to the use of cookies. They are part of a user's daily web browsing experience since legislation in Europe requires websites to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-14 Georgios Kampanos , Siamak F. Shahandashti

We increasingly rely on digital services and the conveniences they provide. Processing of personal data is integral to such services and thus privacy and data protection are a growing concern, and governments have responded with regulations…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Feiyang Tang , Bjarte M. Østvold

E-commerce mobile applications are central to global financial transactions, making their security and privacy crucial. In this study, we analyze 92 top-grossing Android e-commerce apps (58 U.S.-based and 34 international) using MobSF,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Urvashi Kishnani , Sanchari Das

Two-factor authentication (2FA) offers several security benefits that security-conscious users might expect from high-value services such as online banks. In this work, we present our preliminary study to develop a scoring scheme to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Srivathsan G. Morkonda , AbdelRahman Abdou

Vagueness and ambiguity in privacy policies threaten the ability of consumers to make informed choices about how businesses collect, use, and share their personal information. The California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) of 2018 was intended…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Rex Chen , Fei Fang , Thomas Norton , Aleecia M. McDonald , Norman Sadeh

The proliferation of "Internet of Things (IoT)" provides older adults with critical support for "health monitoring" and independent living, yet significant concerns about security and privacy persist. In this paper, we report on these…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Suleiman Saka , Sanchari Das

Technical security is only part of E-Commerce security operations; human usability and security perception play major and sometimes dominating factors. For instance, slick websites with impressive security icons but no real technical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Aashish Sharma , William Yurcik

We propose a two-factor authentication (2FA) mechanism called 2D-2FA to address security and usability issues in existing methods. 2D-2FA has three distinguishing features: First, after a user enters a username and password on a login…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Maliheh Shirvanian , Shashank Agrawal

In the digital age, e-commerce has transformed the way consumers shop, offering convenience and accessibility. Nevertheless, concerns about the privacy and security of personal information shared on these platforms have risen. In this work,…

Revelations of large scale electronic surveillance and data mining by governments and corporations have fueled increased adoption of HTTPS. We present a traffic analysis attack against over 6000 webpages spanning the HTTPS deployments of 10…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-03-04 Brad Miller , Ling Huang , A. D. Joseph , J. D. Tygar

Perceptions of police trustworthiness are linked to citizens' willingness to cooperate with police. Trust can be fostered by introducing accountability mechanisms, or by increasing a shared police/citizen identity, both which can be…

Data protection regulations, such as GDPR and CCPA, require websites and embedded third-parties, especially advertisers, to seek user consent before they can collect and process user data. Only when the users opt in, can these entities…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Zengrui Liu , Umar Iqbal , Nitesh Saxena

The proliferation of sensitive information being stored online highlights the pressing need for secure and efficient user authentication methods. To address this issue, this paper presents a novel zero-effort two-factor authentication (2FA)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Ali Abdullah S. AlQahtani , Thamraa Alshayeb

The exchange of personal information in digital environments poses significant risks, including identity theft, privacy breaches, and data misuse. Addressing these challenges requires a deep understanding of user behavior and mental models…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Reza Shahriari , Eric D. Ragan

This paper presents a systematic evaluation of the privacy behaviors and attributes of eight recent, popular browser agents. Browser agents are software that automate Web browsing using large language models and ancillary tooling. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Alisha Ukani , Hamed Haddadi , Ali Shahin Shamsabadi , Peter Snyder

This paper presents a sociotechnical vision for managing personal data, including cookies, within Web browsers. We first present our vision for a future of semi-automated data governance on the Web, using policy languages to describe data…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Jesse Wright , Beatriz Esteves , Rui Zhao

Rolling out a new security mechanism in an organisation requires planning, good communication, adoption from users, iterations of reflection on the challenges experienced and how they were overcome. Our case study elicited users'…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-11-06 Abideen Tetlay , Helen Treharne , Tom Ascroft , Sotiris Moschoyiannis

Modern Web APIs allow developers to provide extensively customized experiences for website visitors, but the richness of the device information they provide also make them vulnerable to being abused to construct browser fingerprints,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Enrico Bacis , Igor Bilogrevic , Robert Busa-Fekete , Asanka Herath , Antonio Sartori , Umar Syed

Since its introduction in 2006, differential privacy has emerged as a predominant statistical tool for quantifying data privacy in academic works. Yet despite the plethora of research and open-source utilities that have accompanied its…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Gonzalo Munilla Garrido , Xiaoyuan Liu , Florian Matthes , Dawn Song