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Modern safety-critical energy infrastructures are increasingly operated in a hierarchical and modular control framework which allows for limited data exchange between the modules. In this context, it is important for each module to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-02 Jean-Baptiste Bouvier , Sai Pushpak Nandanoori , Melkior Ornik , Soumya Kundu

This research addresses distributed proportional power sharing of inverter-based Distributed Generators (DGs) in microgrids under variations in maximum power capacity of DGs. A microgrid can include renewable energy resources such as wind…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-21 Farzad Aalipour , Tuhin Das

Low-frequency oscillations (LFOs) present a significant challenge to the stability and reliability of power systems, especially in grids with a high penetration of renewable energy sources. Traditional grid-following (GFL) inverters have…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-02 Tamojit Chakraborty , Anamitra Pal , Sam Maleki

The increasing penetration of renewable energy leads to a continuous reduction in system inertia, for which conventional synchronization criteria based solely on frequency consistency can no longer accurately capture the coupled dynamics of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-24 Yusen Wei , Lan Tang , Peidong Li

The grid-forming converter is an important unit in the future power system with more inverter-interfaced generators. However, improving its performance is still a key challenge. This paper proposes a generalized architecture of the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-14 Meng Chen , Dao Zhou , Ali Tayyebi , Eduardo Prieto-Araujo , Florian Dörfler , Frede Blaabjerg

There has been widespread global increasing use of renewable energy sources, which are usually connected to the electricity grids via power electronic inverters. Traditionally, these inverter-based resources operate in either grid-forming…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-07 Zhenshuai Liu , Yitong Li , Zirui Wang , Jiashuo Gu , Yao Qin , Jinjun Liu

This paper presents an extensive framework focused on the control design, along with stability and performance analysis, of Grid-Following Inverters (GFL). It aims to ensure their effective operation under both stiff and weak grid…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-26 Alireza Askarian , Jaesang Park , Srinivasa Salapaka

Grid-forming voltage source converter (GF-VSC) has been identified as the key technology for the operation of future converter-dominated power systems. Among many other issues, transient stability of this type of power systems remains an…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-09 Régulo E. Ávila-Martínez , Javier Renedo , Luis Rouco , Aurelio García-Cerrada , Lukas Sigrist , Taoufik Qoria , Xavier Guillaud

Load side participation can provide support to the power network by appropriately adapting the demand when required. In addition, it enables an economically improved power allocation. In this study, we consider the problem of providing an…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-05-10 Andreas Kasis , Stelios Timotheou , Marios Polycarpou

Set-theoretic control is a useful technique for dealing with the uncertainty introduced into power systems by renewable energy resources. Although set operations are computationally expensive in large systems, distributed approaches serve…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-03 Daniel Tabas , Baosen Zhang

The reduced inertia in power system introduces more operation risks and challenges to frequency regulation. The existing virtual inertia and frequency support control are restricted by the normally non-dispatchable energy resources behind…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-30 Chu Sun , Syed Qaseem Ali , Geza Joos

Synchronization in power systems is traditionally achieved through physical network coupling, whereby inverter-based resources (IBRs) and synchronous machines converge to a common frequency via oscillatory swing dynamics. In conventional…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-30 Taha Saeed Khan

The introduction of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) and Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) has led to the formulation of Microgrids (MGs) and Networks of MGs (NMGs). MGs and NMGs can operate in islanded mode, transforming the grid into a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-17 Ahmed Saad Al-Karsani , Maryam Khanbaghi

This paper proposes a novel control framework designed for Inverter-Based Resources (IBRs), denoted as Generalized Swing Control (GSC). The proposed GSC framework generalizes the definition of Grid-Forming (GFM) control schemes and exploits…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-05 Rodrigo Bernal , Federico Milano

In this paper a novel distributed control algorithm for current sharing and voltage regulation in Direct Current (DC) microgrids is proposed. The DC microgrid is composed of several Distributed Generation units (DGUs), including Buck…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-05-01 Michele Cucuzzella , Sebastian Trip , Claudio De Persis , Xiaodong Cheng , Antonella Ferrara , Arjan van der Schaft

Modern power systems increasingly demand converter-driven generation systems that integrate seamlessly with grid infrastructure. Grid-based converters are particularly advantageous, as they operate in harmony with conventional synchronous…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-19 Somayeh Mehri Boroojeni , Ehsan Sharafoddin

This paper presents the development of "Control-Sync," a novel firmware for universal inverters in microgrids, designed to enhance grid stability and flexibility. As hybrid PV-battery systems become increasingly prevalent, there is a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-03 Fariba Fateh

High penetration of renewable energy sources intensifies frequency fluctuations in multi-area power systems, challenging both stability and operational safety. This paper proposes a novel distributed frequency control method that ensures…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-10 Xiemin Mo , Tao Liu

In this paper, we propose a secondary consensus-based control layer for current sharing and voltage balancing in DC microGrids (mGs). To this purpose, we assume that Distributed Generation Units (DGUs) are equipped with decentralized…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-11-21 Michele Tucci , Lexuan Meng , Josep M. Guerrero , Giancarlo Ferrari-Trecate

Grid-interfacing inverters serve as the interface between renewable energy resources and the electric power grid, offering fast, programmable control capabilities. However, their operation is constrained by hardware limitations, such as…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-16 Trager Joswig-Jones , Baosen Zhang