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Related papers: Collaboratively adding new knowledge to an LLM

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Fine-tuning large language models can improve task specific performance, although a general understanding of what the fine-tuned model has learned, forgotten and how to trust its predictions is still missing. We derive principled…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Oleksandr Balabanov , Hampus Linander

Instruction Tuning (IT), the process of training large language models (LLMs) using instruction-response pairs, has emerged as the predominant method for transforming base pre-trained LLMs into open-domain conversational agents. While IT…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Sreyan Ghosh , Chandra Kiran Reddy Evuru , Sonal Kumar , Ramaneswaran S , Deepali Aneja , Zeyu Jin , Ramani Duraiswami , Dinesh Manocha

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) has emerged as a leading parameter-efficient fine-tuning technique for adapting large foundation models, yet it often locks adapters into suboptimal minima near their initialization. This hampers model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Zhan Zhuang , Xiequn Wang , Wei Li , Yulong Zhang , Qiushi Huang , Shuhao Chen , Xuehao Wang , Yanbin Wei , Yuhe Nie , Kede Ma , Yu Zhang , Ying Wei

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) with high parameter efficiency for downstream tasks has become a new paradigm. Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) significantly reduces the number of trainable parameters for fine-tuning. Although it has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Jia-Chen Zhang , Yu-Jie Xiong , He-Xi Qiu , Dong-Hai Zhu , Chun-Ming Xia

This study examines whether Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) fine-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs) can approximate the performance of fully fine-tuned models in generating human-interpretable decisions and explanations for malware…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Stephen C. Gravereaux , Sheikh Rabiul Islam

Large Language Models (LLMs) possess encompassing capabilities that can process diverse language-related tasks. However, finetuning on LLMs will diminish this general skills and continual finetuning will further cause severe degradation on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Kai Tong , Kang Pan , Xiao Zhang , Erli Meng , Run He , Yawen Cui , Nuoyan Guo , Huiping Zhuang

Due to the demand for efficient fine-tuning of large language models, Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has been widely adopted as one of the most effective parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods. Nevertheless, while LoRA improves efficiency,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Naibin Gu , Zhenyu Zhang , Xiyu Liu , Peng Fu , Zheng Lin , Shuohuan Wang , Yu Sun , Hua Wu , Weiping Wang , Haifeng Wang

In this paper, we introduce Symmetric Low-Rank Adapters, an optimized variant of LoRA with even fewer weights. This method utilizes Low-Rank Symmetric Weight Matrices to learn downstream tasks more efficiently. Traditional LoRA accumulates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Tales Panoutsos , Rodrygo L. T. Santos , Flavio Figueiredo

LoRA (Low-Rank Adaptation) has emerged as a preferred method for efficiently adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) with remarkable simplicity and efficacy. This note extends the original LoRA paper by offering new perspectives that were not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Vlad Fomenko , Han Yu , Jongho Lee , Stanley Hsieh , Weizhu Chen

Adapting general-purpose language models to new skills is currently an expensive process that must be repeated as new instruction datasets targeting new skills are created, or can cause the models to forget older skills. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Jacob Morrison , Noah A. Smith , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Pang Wei Koh , Jesse Dodge , Pradeep Dasigi

Large Language Models (LLMs) show strong reasoning abilities, often amplified by Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting and reinforcement learning (RL). Although RL algorithms can substantially improve reasoning, they struggle to expand reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Xiangchi Yuan , Xiang Chen , Tong Yu , Dachuan Shi , Can Jin , Wenke Lee , Saayan Mitra

Large language models (LLMs) require model editing to efficiently update specific knowledge within them and avoid factual errors. Most model editing methods are solely designed for single-time use and result in a significant forgetting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Jiaang Li , Quan Wang , Zhongnan Wang , Yongdong Zhang , Zhendong Mao

In this work, we evaluate 10 open-source instructed LLMs on four representative code comprehension and generation tasks. We have the following main findings. First, for the zero-shot setting, instructed LLMs are very competitive on code…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-03 Zhiqiang Yuan , Junwei Liu , Qiancheng Zi , Mingwei Liu , Xin Peng , Yiling Lou

The rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs) has been pivotal in advancing AI, with pre-trained LLMs being adaptable to diverse downstream tasks through fine-tuning. Federated learning (FL) further enhances fine-tuning in a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Ziyao Wang , Zheyu Shen , Yexiao He , Guoheng Sun , Hongyi Wang , Lingjuan Lyu , Ang Li

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have emphasized the critical role of fine-tuning (FT) techniques in adapting LLMs to specific tasks, especially when retraining from scratch is computationally infeasible. Fine-tuning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Xiao Han , Zimo Zhao , Wanyu Wang , Maolin Wang , Zitao Liu , Yi Chang , Xiangyu Zhao

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) is essential for adapting Large Language Models (LLMs). In practice, LLMs are often required to handle a diverse set of tasks from multiple domains, a scenario naturally addressed by multi-task…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Jinda Liu , Bo Cheng , Yi Chang , Yuan Wu

Learning With Opponent-Learning Awareness (LOLA) (Foerster et al. [2018a]) is a multi-agent reinforcement learning algorithm that typically learns reciprocity-based cooperation in partially competitive environments. However, LOLA often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Stephen Zhao , Chris Lu , Roger Baker Grosse , Jakob Nicolaus Foerster

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods like LoRA have significantly improved the adaptation of LLMs to downstream tasks in a resource-efficient manner. However, in multi-task scenarios, challenges such as training imbalance and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Xujia Wang , Haiyan Zhao , Shuo Wang , Hanqing Wang , Zhiyuan Liu

Large language models (LLMs) can be adapted either through numerical updates that alter model parameters or symbolic manipulations that work on discrete prompts or logical constraints. While numerical fine-tuning excels at injecting new…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Kevin Wang , Neel P. Bhatt , Cong Liu , Junbo Li , Runjin Chen , Yihan Xi , Timothy Barclay , Alvaro Velasquez , Ufuk Topcu , Zhangyang Wang

Adapting large language models (LLMs) trained on broad organic chemistry to smaller, domain-specific reaction datasets is a key challenge in chemical and pharmaceutical R&D. Effective specialisation requires learning new reaction knowledge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Jiayun Pang , Ahmed M. Zaitoun , Xacobe Couso Cambeiro , Ivan Vulić
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