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Machine learning models of vastly different modalities and architectures are being trained to predict the behavior of molecules, materials, and proteins. However, it remains unclear whether they learn similar internal representations of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Sathya Edamadaka , Soojung Yang , Ju Li , Rafael Gómez-Bombarelli

Understanding how residue variations affect protein stability is crucial for designing functional proteins and deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying disease-related mutations. Recent advances in protein language models (PLMs) have…

Universal image representations are critical in enabling real-world fine-grained and instance-level recognition applications, where objects and entities from any domain must be identified at large scale. Despite recent advances, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Nikolaos-Antonios Ypsilantis , Kaifeng Chen , André Araujo , Ondřej Chum

Embodied trajectories, such as the executable motion sequences of robotic manipulators, underwater vehicles, and mobile robots, are a fundamental output of embodied AI. Modern generative models often treat them as a dense, monolithic signal…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Yan Tang , Yuanbo Tang , Tingyu Cao , Shaolun Huang , Yang Li

Protein representation learning is critical for numerous biological tasks. Recently, large transformer-based protein language models (pLMs) pretrained on large scale protein sequences have demonstrated significant success in sequence-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Xuefeng Liu , Songhao Jiang , Chih-chan Tien , Jinbo Xu , Rick Stevens

Proteins, essential to biological systems, perform functions intricately linked to their three-dimensional structures. Understanding the relationship between protein structures and their amino acid sequences remains a core challenge in…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-11-04 Liang He , Peiran Jin , Yaosen Min , Shufang Xie , Lijun Wu , Tao Qin , Xiaozhuan Liang , Kaiyuan Gao , Yuliang Jiang , Tie-Yan Liu

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are essential tools in computational chemistry and drug discovery, offering crucial insights into dynamic molecular behavior. However, their utility is significantly limited by substantial computational…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-09-04 Bin Feng , Jiying Zhang , Xinni Zhang , Zijing Liu , Yu Li

Predicting the structure of multi-protein complexes is a grand challenge in biochemistry, with major implications for basic science and drug discovery. Computational structure prediction methods generally leverage pre-defined structural…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2021-01-26 Stephan Eismann , Raphael J. L. Townshend , Nathaniel Thomas , Milind Jagota , Bowen Jing , Ron O. Dror

Machine learning (ML) tools such as encoder-decoder convolutional neural networks (CNN) can represent incredibly complex nonlinear functions which map between combinations of images and scalars. For example, CNNs can be used to map…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Alexander Scheinker

Subject to intricate environmental variables, the precise classification of jamming signals holds paramount significance in the effective implementation of anti-jamming strategies within communication systems. In light of this imperative,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-27 Xuhui Ding , Yue Zhang , Gaoyang Li , Xiaozheng Gao , Neng Ye , Dusit Niyato , Kai Yang

Simulating the long-timescale dynamics of biomolecules is a central challenge in computational science. While enhanced sampling methods can accelerate these simulations, they rely on pre-defined collective variables that are often difficult…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-01 Aditya Sengar , Jiying Zhang , Pierre Vandergheynst , Patrick Barth

Fibre jamming is a relatively new and understudied soft robotic mechanism that has previously found success when used in stiffness-tuneable arms and fingers. However, to date researchers have not fully taken advantage of the freedom offered…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-28 James Brett , Katrina Lo Surdo , Lauren Hanson , Joshua Pinskier , David Howard

Molecular dynamics (MD) is a central computational tool in physics, chemistry, and biology, enabling quantitative prediction of experimental observables as expectations over high-dimensional molecular distributions such as Boltzmann…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Panagiotis Antoniadis , Beatrice Pavesi , Simon Olsson , Ole Winther

Motivation: Protein-to-genome alignment is critical to annotating genes in non-model organisms. While there are a few tools for this purpose, all of them were developed over ten years ago and did not incorporate the latest advances in…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2022-12-29 Heng Li

De novo assembly enables investigations of unknown genomes, paving the way for personalized medicine and disease management. However, it faces immense computational challenges arising from the excessive data volumes and algorithmic…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Heewoo Kim , Sanjay Sri Vallabh Singapuram , Haojie Ye , Joseph Izraelevitz , Trevor Mudge , Ronald Dreslinski , Nishil Talati

The integration of molecular and natural language representations has emerged as a focal point in molecular science, with recent advancements in Language Models (LMs) demonstrating significant potential for comprehensive modeling of both…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-03-19 Qizhi Pei , Rui Yan , Kaiyuan Gao , Jinhua Zhu , Lijun Wu

Generative modeling has become a central paradigm in protein research, extending machine learning beyond structure prediction toward sequence design, backbone generation, inverse folding, and biomolecular interaction modeling. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Senura Hansaja Wanasekara , Minh-Duong Nguyen , Xiaochen Liu , Nguyen H. Tran , Ken-Tye Yong

Understanding the dynamic behavior of biomolecules is fundamental to elucidating biological function and facilitating drug discovery. While Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations provide a rigorous physical basis for studying these dynamics,…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2026-03-19 Liang Shi , Jiarui Lu , Junqi Liu , Chence Shi , Zhi Yang , Jian Tang

A generative model capable of sampling realistic molecules with desired properties could accelerate chemical discovery across a wide range of applications. Toward this goal, significant effort has focused on developing models that jointly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Ian Dunn , David R. Koes

In biomolecular systems (especially all-atom models) with many degrees of freedom such as proteins and nucleic acids, there exist an astronomically large number of local-minimum-energy states. Conventional simulations in the canonical…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2010-12-30 Ayori Mitsutake , Yoshiharu Mori , Yuko Okamoto