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We introduce COCO, an open source platform for Comparing Continuous Optimizers in a black-box setting. COCO aims at automatizing the tedious and repetitive task of benchmarking numerical optimization algorithms to the greatest possible…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-09-10 Nikolaus Hansen , Anne Auger , Raymond Ros , Olaf Mersmann , Tea Tušar , Dimo Brockhoff

We consider Bayesian optimization of an expensive-to-evaluate black-box objective function, where we also have access to cheaper approximations of the objective. In general, such approximations arise in applications such as reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-11-16 Matthias Poloczek , Jialei Wang , Peter I. Frazier

Existing studies in black-box optimization for machine learning suffer from low generalizability, caused by a typically selective choice of problem instances used for training and testing different optimization algorithms. Among other…

Bayesian optimization (BO) is a popular method for efficiently inferring optima of an expensive black-box function via a sequence of queries. Existing information-theoretic BO procedures aim to make queries that most reduce the uncertainty…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-05 Willie Neiswanger , Lantao Yu , Shengjia Zhao , Chenlin Meng , Stefano Ermon

Bayesian Optimization (BO) is a widely used approach for blackbox optimization that leverages a Gaussian process (GP) model and an acquisition function to guide future sampling. While effective in low-dimensional settings, BO faces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Pavankumar Koratikere , Leifur Leifsson

Some real problems require the evaluation of expensive and noisy objective functions. Moreover, the analytical expression of these objective functions may be unknown. These functions are known as black-boxes, for example, estimating the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-07-12 Lucia Asencio Martín , Eduardo C. Garrido-Merchán

Benchmarking heuristic algorithms is vital to understand under which conditions and on what kind of problems certain algorithms perform well. In most current research into heuristic optimization algorithms, only a very limited number of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Niki van Stein , Diederick Vermetten , Anna V. Kononova , Thomas Bäck

We propose a model-agnostic approach for mitigating the prediction bias of a black-box decision-maker, and in particular, a human decision-maker. Our method detects in the feature space where the black-box decision-maker is biased and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-18 Tong Wang , Maytal Saar-Tsechansky

Swarm based optimization algorithms have demonstrated remarkable success in solving complex optimization problems. However, their widespread adoption remains sceptical due to limited transparency in how different algorithmic components…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Nitin Gupta , Bapi Dutta , Anupam Yadav

Explainable AI (XAI) holds significant promise for enhancing the transparency and trustworthiness of AI-driven threat detection in Security Operations Centers (SOCs). However, identifying the appropriate level and format of explanation,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Nidhi Rastogi , Shirid Pant , Devang Dhanuka , Amulya Saxena , Pranjal Mairal

Explainability techniques for data-driven predictive models based on artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms allow us to better understand the operation of such systems and help to hold them accountable. New transparency…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-09 Kacper Sokol , Alexander Hepburn , Raul Santos-Rodriguez , Peter Flach

The financial industry faces a significant challenge modeling and risk portfolios: balancing the predictability of advanced machine learning models, neural network models, and explainability required by regulatory entities (such as Office…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Rongbin Ye , Jiaqi Chen

Many control problems require repeated tuning and adaptation of controllers across distinct closed-loop tasks, where data efficiency and adaptability are critical. We propose a hierarchical Bayesian optimization (BO) framework that is…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-27 Sebastian Hirt , Lukas Theiner , Maik Pfefferkorn , Rolf Findeisen

Application domains of Bayesian optimization include optimizing black-box functions or very complex functions. The functions we are interested in describe complex real-world systems applied in industrial settings. Even though they do have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-14 Franz Brauße , Zurab Khasidashvili , Konstantin Korovin

This paper addresses the problem of constrained multi-objective optimization over black-box objective functions with practitioner-specified preferences over the objectives when a large fraction of the input space is infeasible (i.e.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Alaleh Ahmadianshalchi , Syrine Belakaria , Janardhan Rao Doppa

One method to solve expensive black-box optimization problems is to use a surrogate model that approximates the objective based on previous observed evaluations. The surrogate, which is cheaper to evaluate, is optimized instead to find an…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-05-28 Rickard Karlsson , Laurens Bliek , Sicco Verwer , Mathijs de Weerdt

The present paper proposes a Bayesian framework for inverse problems that seamlessly integrates optimization and inversion to enable rapid surrogate modeling, accurate parameter inference, and rigorous uncertainty quantification. Bayesian…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Mihaela Chiappetta , Massimo Carraturo , Alexander Raßloff , Markus Kästner , Ferdinando Auricchio

Research on new optimization algorithms is often funded based on the motivation that such algorithms might improve the capabilities to deal with real-world and industrially relevant optimization challenges. Besides a huge variety of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-07-02 Ramses Sala , Ralf Müller

Optimization of real-world black-box functions defined over purely categorical variables is an active area of research. In particular, optimization and design of biological sequences with specific functional or structural properties have a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-25 Hamid Dadkhahi , Jesus Rios , Karthikeyan Shanmugam , Payel Das

Interpretable-by-design models are crucial for fostering trust, accountability, and safe adoption of automated decision-making models in real-world applications. In this paper we formalize the ground for the MIMOSA (Mining Interpretable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Riccardo Guidotti , Martina Cinquini , Marta Marchiori Manerba , Mattia Setzu , Francesco Spinnato
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