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As there is no quantum error correction code with universal set of transversal gates, several approaches have been proposed which, in combination of transversal gates, make universal fault-tolerant quantum computation possible. Magic state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-16 Eesa Nikahd , Morteza Saheb Zamani , Mehdi Sedighi

We present an infinite family of protocols to distill magic states for $T$-gates that has a low space overhead and uses an asymptotic number of input magic states to achieve a given target error that is conjectured to be optimal. The space…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-04 Jeongwan Haah , Matthew B. Hastings , D. Poulin , D. Wecker

Photonic quantum computers use the bosonic statistics of photons to construct, through quantum interference, the large entangled states required for measurement-based quantum computation. Therefore, any which-way information present in the…

Distilling highly entangled quantum states from weaker ones is a process that is crucial for efficient and long-distance quantum communication, and has implications for several other quantum information protocols. We introduce the notion of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-17 Tamoghna Das , Asutosh Kumar , Amit Kumar Pal , Namrata Shukla , Aditi Sen De , Ujjwal Sen

Fault-tolerant implementation of non-Clifford gates is a major challenge for achieving universal fault-tolerant quantum computing with quantum error-correcting codes. Magic state distillation is the most well-studied method for this but…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-09 Seok-Hyung Lee , Felix Thomsen , Nicholas Fazio , Benjamin J. Brown , Stephen D. Bartlett

Entanglement is a fundamental resource in quantum information processing, yet understanding its manipulation and transformation remains a challenge. Many tasks rely on highly entangled pure states, but obtaining such states is often…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-24 Ray Ganardi , Tulja Varun Kondra , Alexander Streltsov

Deep learning technology has developed unprecedentedly in the last decade and has become the primary choice in many application domains. This progress is mainly attributed to a systematic collaboration in which rapidly growing computing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Shiye Lei , Dacheng Tao

Quantum catalysis, the ability to enable previously impossible transformations by using auxiliary systems without degrading them, has emerged as a powerful tool in various resource theories. Although catalytically enabled state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-25 Patryk Lipka-Bartosik , Kamil Korzekwa

We develop the general framework of virtual resource distillation -- an alternative distillation strategy proposed in [Phys. Rev. Lett. 132, 050203 (2024)], which extends conventional quantum resource distillation by integrating the power…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-23 Ryuji Takagi , Xiao Yuan , Bartosz Regula , Mile Gu

We investigate the issue of assisted coherence distillation in the asymptotic limit (considering infinite copies of the resource states), by coordinately performing the identical local operations on the auxiliary systems of each copy. When…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-24 Huang-Qiu-Chen Wang , Qi Luo , Qi-Ping Su , Yong-Nan Sun , Nengji Zhou , Li Yu , Zhe Sun

The reliable provision of entangled qubits is an essential precondition in a variety of schemes for distributed quantum computing. This is challenged by multiple nuisances, such as errors during the transmission over quantum links, but also…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-04 Lorenzo Valentini , René Bødker Christensen , Petar Popovski , Marco Chiani

Quantum algorithms for quantum chemistry map the dynamics of electrons in a molecule to the dynamics of a coupled spin system. To reach chemical accuracy for interesting molecules, a large number of quantum gates must be applied which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-02-02 Colin J. Trout , Kenneth R. Brown

We present bounds for distilling many copies of a pure state from an arbitrary initial state in a general quantum resource theory. Our bounds apply to operations that are able to generate no more than a $\delta$ amount of resource, where…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-11 Madhav Krishnan Vijayan , Eric Chitambar , Min-Hsiu Hsieh

Magic state distillation (MSD) is the leading approach to generate the non-Clifford resources required for universal fault-tolerant quantum computation. While most analyses assume ideal measurements in the distillation process, this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-15 Yunzhe Zheng , Yuanchen Zhao , Dong E. Liu

Catalysis refers to the possibility of enabling otherwise inaccessible quantum state transitions by supplying an auxiliary system, provided that the auxiliary is returned to its initial state at the end of the protocol. We show that…

We show that using qutrits rather than qubits leads to a substantial reduction in the overhead cost associated with an approach to fault-tolerant quantum computing known as magic state distillation. We construct a family of $[[9m-k, k,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-18 Shiroman Prakash , Tanay Saha

Magic state distillation is a key component of fault-tolerant quantum computation, as it enables the implementation of non-Clifford gates such as the $T$ gate and the $CCZ$ gate via gate teleportation. However, conventional distillation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-22 Tomohiro Itogawa , Yutaka Hirano , Yutaro Akahoshi , Keisuke Fujii

The phenomenon of quantum entanglement marks one of the furthest departures from classical physics and is indispensable for quantum information processing. Despite its fundamental importance, the distribution of entanglement over long…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-27 Sebastian Ecker , Philipp Sohr , Lukas Bulla , Marcus Huber , Martin Bohmann , Rupert Ursin

Entanglement is a key quantum resource in various quantum protocols, with a rich set of laws governing its manipulation. In this context, catalysis refers to the possibility of an auxiliary state that enables a previously forbidden…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-07 Ray Ganardi

Magic states are essential yet resource-intensive components for realizing universal fault-tolerant quantum computation. Preparing magic states within emerging quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes poses additional challenges, due…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-13 Guo Zhang , Yuanye Zhu , Xiao Yuan , Ying Li