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Majority voting and averaging are common approaches employed to resolve annotator disagreements and derive single ground truth labels from multiple annotations. However, annotators may systematically disagree with one another, often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-13 Aida Mostafazadeh Davani , Mark Díaz , Vinodkumar Prabhakaran

Annotation bias in NLP datasets remains a major challenge for developing multilingual Large Language Models (LLMs), particularly in culturally diverse settings. Bias from task framing, annotator subjectivity, and cultural mismatches can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Xia Cui , Ziyi Huang , Naeemeh Adel

With social media becoming ubiquitous, information consumption from this media has also increased. However, one of the serious problems that have emerged with this increase, is the propagation of rumors. Therefore, rumor identification is a…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-07-23 Mingxuan Chen , Ning Wang , K. P. Subbalakshmi

We propose a meta-learning method for learning from multiple noisy annotators. In many applications such as crowdsourcing services, labels for supervised learning are given by multiple annotators. Since the annotators have different skills…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Atsutoshi Kumagai , Tomoharu Iwata , Taishi Nishiyama , Yasutoshi Ida , Yasuhiro Fujiwara

Supervised fine-tuning of large language models relies on human-annotated data, yet annotation pipelines routinely involve multiple crowdworkers of heterogeneous expertise. Standard practice aggregates labels via majority vote or simple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Sajjad Ghiasvand , Mark Beliaev , Mahnoosh Alizadeh , Ramtin Pedarsani

WARNING: This paper contains examples of offensive materials. To address the proliferation of toxic content on social media, we introduce SMARTER, we introduce SMARTER, a data-efficient two-stage framework for explainable content moderation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Huy Nghiem , Advik Sachdeva , Hal Daumé

We introduce Faina, the first dataset for fallacy detection that embraces multiple plausible answers and natural disagreement. Faina includes over 11K span-level annotations with overlaps across 20 fallacy types on social media posts in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Alan Ramponi , Agnese Daffara , Sara Tonelli

The behaviour of sharing information on social media should be fulfilled only when a user is exhibiting attentive behaviour. So that the useful information can be consumed constructively, and misinformation can be identified and ignored.…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Zaid Amin , Nazlena Mohamad Ali , Alan F. Smeaton

Large language models have many beneficial applications, but can they also be used to attack content-filtering algorithms in social media platforms? We investigate the challenge of generating adversarial examples to test the robustness of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Piotr Przybyła , Euan McGill , Horacio Saggion

With the rise of easily accessible tools for generating and manipulating multimedia content, realistic synthetic alterations to digital media have become a widespread threat, often involving manipulations across multiple modalities…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Daniele Cardullo , Simone Teglia , Irene Amerini

This paper presents one of the top-performing solutions to the UNLP 2025 Shared Task on Detecting Manipulation in Social Media. The task focuses on detecting and classifying rhetorical and stylistic manipulation techniques used to influence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Kateryna Akhynko , Oleksandr Kosovan , Mykola Trokhymovych

High-quality data annotation is an essential but laborious and costly aspect of developing machine learning-based software. We explore the inherent tradeoff between annotation accuracy and cost by detecting and removing minority reports --…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Hsuan Wei Liao , Christopher Klugmann , Daniel Kondermann , Rafid Mahmood

A rapidly evolving situation such as the COVID-19 pandemic is a significant challenge for AI/ML models because of its unpredictability. %The most reliable indicator of the pandemic spreading has been the number of test positive cases.…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-11-12 Calton Pu , Abhijit Suprem , Rodrigo Alves Lima

Combating fake news and misinformation propagation is a challenging task in the post-truth era. News feed and search algorithms could potentially lead to unintentional large-scale propagation of false and fabricated information with users…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Sina Mohseni , Fan Yang , Shiva Pentyala , Mengnan Du , Yi Liu , Nic Lupfer , Xia Hu , Shuiwang Ji , Eric Ragan

The rise of online platforms exacerbated the spread of hate speech, demanding scalable and effective detection. However, the accuracy of hate speech detection systems heavily relies on human-labeled data, which is inherently susceptible to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Tommaso Giorgi , Lorenzo Cima , Tiziano Fagni , Marco Avvenuti , Stefano Cresci

Climate misinformation is a problem that has the potential to be substantially aggravated by the development of Large Language Models (LLMs). In this study we evaluate the potential for LLMs to be part of the solution for mitigating online…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Mowafak Allaham , Ayse D. Lokmanoglu , P. Sol Hart , Erik C. Nisbet

Misinformation detection models often rely on superficial cues (i.e., \emph{shortcuts}) that correlate with misinformation in training data but fail to generalize to the diverse and evolving nature of real-world misinformation. This issue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Herun Wan , Jiaying Wu , Minnan Luo , Zhi Zeng , Zhixiong Su

Researchers have found that fake news spreads much times faster than real news. This is a major problem, especially in today's world where social media is the key source of news for many among the younger population. Fact verification,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Suryavardan Suresh , Anku Rani , Parth Patwa , Aishwarya Reganti , Vinija Jain , Aman Chadha , Amitava Das , Amit Sheth , Asif Ekbal

Given the growing influx of misinformation across news and social media, there is a critical need for systems that can provide effective real-time verification of news claims. Large language or multimodal model based verification has been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Jaeyoung Lee , Ximing Lu , Jack Hessel , Faeze Brahman , Youngjae Yu , Yonatan Bisk , Yejin Choi , Saadia Gabriel

With the current shift in the mass media landscape from journalistic rigor to social media, personalized social media is becoming the new norm. Although the digitalization progress of the media brings many advantages, it also increases the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Ciprian-Octavian Truică , Elena-Simona Apostol