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The well-conditioned multi-product formula (MPF), proposed by [Low, Kliuchnikov, and Wiebe, 2019], is a simple high-order time-independent Hamiltonian simulation algorithm that implements a linear combination of standard product formulas of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-15 Junaid Aftab , Dong An , Konstantina Trivisa

Multi-product formulas (MPF) are linear combinations of Trotter circuits offering high-quality simulation of Hamiltonian time evolution with fewer Trotter steps. Here we report two contributions aimed at making multi-product formulas more…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-12 Sergiy Zhuk , Niall Robertson , Sergey Bravyi

Product formulas are one of the main approaches for quantum simulation of the Hamiltonian dynamics of a quantum system. Their implementation cost is computed based on error bounds which are often pessimistic, resulting in overestimating the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-19 Kasra Hejazi , Modjtaba Shokrian Zini , Juan Miguel Arrazola

Hamiltonian simulation using product formulas is arguably the most straightforward and practical approach for algorithmic simulation of a quantum system's dynamics on a quantum computer. Here we present corrected product formulas (CPFs), a…

Simulating the time-evolution of a Hamiltonian is one of the most promising applications of quantum computers. Multi-Product Formulas (MPFs) are well suited to replace standard product formulas since they scale better with respect to time…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-26 Almudena Carrera Vazquez , Daniel J. Egger , David Ochsner , Stefan Woerner

A multi-product formula (MPF) is a promising approach for Hamiltonian simulation efficiently both in the system size $N$ and the inverse allowable error $1/\varepsilon$ by combining Trotterization and the linear combination of unitaries…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Kaoru Mizuta

Hamiltonian simulation is arguably the most fundamental application of quantum computers. The Magnus operator is a popular method for time-dependent Hamiltonian simulation in computational mathematics, yet its usage requires the…

Compared with time independent Hamiltonians, the dynamics of generic quantum Hamiltonians $H(t)$ are complicated by the presence of time ordering in the evolution operator. In the context of digital quantum simulation, this difficulty…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-08 Jacob Watkins , Nathan Wiebe , Alessandro Roggero , Dean Lee

In this work we propose an approach for implementing time-evolution of a quantum system using product formulas. The quantum algorithms we develop have provably better scaling (in terms of gate complexity and circuit depth) than a naive…

Product formula approximations of the time-evolution operator on quantum computers are of great interest due to their simplicity, and good scaling with system size by exploiting commutativity between Hamiltonian terms. However, product…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-24 Guang Hao Low , Vadym Kliuchnikov , Nathan Wiebe

The implementation of time-evolution operators $U(t)$, called Hamiltonian simulation, is one of the most promising usage of quantum computers. For time-independent Hamiltonians, qubitization has recently established efficient realization of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-29 Kaoru Mizuta , Keisuke Fujii

We derive higher-order error bounds with small prefactors for a general Trotter product formula, generalizing a result of Childs et al. [Phys. Rev. X 11, 011020 (2021)]. We then apply these bounds to the real-time quantum time evolution…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-06 Ansgar Schubert , Christian B. Mendl

The Koopman-Hill projection method offers an efficient approach for stability analysis of linear time-periodic systems, and thereby also for the Floquet stability analysis of periodic solutions of nonlinear systems. However, its accuracy…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-23 Fabia Bayer , Remco I. Leine

Product-formula (PF) based quantum simulation is a promising approach for simulating quantum systems on near-term quantum computers. Achieving a desired simulation precision typically requires a polynomially increasing number of Trotter…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-03 Seung Park , Sangjin Lee , Kyunghyun Baek

The Floquet-Magnus expansion is a widely used tool to derive effective descriptions of time-periodic quantum systems by approximating their dynamics with a time-independent Hamiltonian. However, its standard formulation is, strictly…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2026-05-25 Daniel Burgarth , Robin Hillier , Davide Lonigro , Leonhard Richter

Efficient simulation of quantum dynamics with time-dependent Hamiltonians is important not only for time-varying systems but also for time-independent Hamiltonians in the interaction picture. Such simulations are more challenging than their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-09 Di Fang , Diyi Liu , Shuchen Zhu

Suppressing the Trotter error in dynamical quantum simulation typically requires running deeper circuits, posing a great challenge for noisy near-term quantum devices. Studies have shown that the empirical error is usually much smaller than…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-12 Yi-Hsiang Chen

We present a systematic study of quantum system compression for the evolution of generic many-body problems. The necessary numerical simulations of such systems are seriously hindered by the exponential growth of the Hilbert space dimension…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-20 Robert L. Kosut , Tak-San Ho , Herschel Rabitz

Periodically driven systems provide a powerful platform for quantum multiparameter estimation. Constructing a static effective Hamiltonian in a proper rotating frame is commonly employed to assess the attainable precision. However, such an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-28 Yu Yang , Yuyang Tang , Pei Zhang , Fuli Li

Analog quantum simulation is emerging as a powerful tool for uncovering classically unreachable physics such as many-body real-time dynamics. A complete quantification of uncertainties is necessary in order to make precise predictions using…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-16 Nikita A. Zemlevskiy , Henry F. Froland , Stephan Caspar
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