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Despite inextricable ties between race and language, little work has considered race in NLP research and development. In this work, we survey 79 papers from the ACL anthology that mention race. These papers reveal various types of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-19 Anjalie Field , Su Lin Blodgett , Zeerak Waseem , Yulia Tsvetkov

The remarkable progress in Natural Language Processing (NLP) brought about by deep learning, particularly with the recent advent of large pre-trained neural language models, is brought into scrutiny as several studies began to discuss and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-25 Anoop K. , Manjary P. Gangan , Deepak P. , Lajish V. L

Language Models have ushered a new age of AI gaining traction within the NLP community as well as amongst the general population. AI's ability to make predictions, generations and its applications in sensitive decision-making scenarios,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Ananya Malik

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a fast-growing area of study that stretching its presence to many business and research domains. Machine learning, deep learning, and natural language processing (NLP) are subsets of AI to tackle different…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Thanveer Shaik , Xiaohui Tao , Yan Li , Christopher Dann , Jacquie Mcdonald , Petrea Redmond , Linda Galligan

Cognitive biases are systematic deviations in thinking that lead to irrational judgments and problematic decision-making, extensively studied across various fields. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have shown advanced understanding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Nuo Chen , Jiqun Liu , Xiaoyu Dong , Qijiong Liu , Tetsuya Sakai , Xiao-Ming Wu

Large language models (LLMs) have garnered significant attention for their remarkable performance in a continuously expanding set of natural language processing tasks. However, these models have been shown to harbor inherent societal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Abel Salinas , Louis Penafiel , Robert McCormack , Fred Morstatter

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is vital for computers to process and respond accurately to human language. However, biases in training data can introduce unfairness, especially in predicting legal judgment. This study focuses on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Sabine Wehnert , Muhammet Ertas , Ernesto William De Luca

This research explores the nuanced differences in texts produced by AI and those written by humans, aiming to elucidate how language is expressed differently by AI and humans. Through comprehensive statistical data analysis, the study…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Mayowa Akinwande , Oluwaseyi Adeliyi , Toyyibat Yussuph

Stereotypes influence social perceptions and can escalate into discrimination and violence. While NLP research has extensively addressed gender bias and hate speech, stereotype detection remains an emerging field with significant societal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Alessandra Teresa Cignarella , Anastasia Giachanou , Els Lefever

While many Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques have been proposed for fact-checking, both academic research and fact-checking organizations report limited adoption of such NLP work due to poor alignment with fact-checker practices,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Houjiang Liu , Anubrata Das , Alexander Boltz , Didi Zhou , Daisy Pinaroc , Matthew Lease , Min Kyung Lee

In traditional decision making processes, social biases of human decision makers can lead to unequal economic outcomes for underrepresented social groups, such as women, racial or ethnic minorities. Recently, the increasing popularity of…

General Economics · Economics 2024-03-25 Jiafu An , Difang Huang , Chen Lin , Mingzhu Tai

Xenophobia is one of the key drivers of marginalisation, discrimination, and conflict, yet many prominent machine learning (ML) fairness frameworks fail to comprehensively measure or mitigate the resulting xenophobic harms. Here we aim to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Nenad Tomasev , Jonathan Leader Maynard , Iason Gabriel

Language models are the new state-of-the-art natural language processing (NLP) models and they are being increasingly used in many NLP tasks. Even though there is evidence that language models are biased, the impact of that bias on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Fatma Elsafoury , Stamos Katsigiannis

AI agents are increasingly deployed and used to make automated decisions that affect our lives on a daily basis. It is imperative to ensure that these systems embed ethical principles and respect human values. We focus on how we can attest…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-09-11 Xavier Ferrer Aran , Jose M. Such , Natalia Criado

With the rise of large multi-modal AI models, fuelled by recent interest in large language models (LLMs), the notion of artificial general intelligence (AGI) went from being restricted to a fringe community, to dominate mainstream large AI…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-22 El-Mahdi El-Mhamdi , Lê-Nguyên Hoang , Mariame Tighanimine

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing, but their susceptibility to biases poses significant challenges. This comprehensive review examines the landscape of bias in LLMs, from its origins to current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Yufei Guo , Muzhe Guo , Juntao Su , Zhou Yang , Mengqiu Zhu , Hongfei Li , Mengyang Qiu , Shuo Shuo Liu

Natural language processing (NLP) methods for analyzing legal text offer legal scholars and practitioners a range of tools allowing to empirically analyze law on a large scale. However, researchers seem to struggle when it comes to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-26 Dimitrios Tsarapatsanis , Nikolaos Aletras

Ethical debates in AI have primarily focused on back-end issues such as data governance, model training, and algorithmic decision-making. Less attention has been paid to the ethical significance of front-end design choices, such as the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Silvia Rossi , Diletta Huyskes , Mackenzie Jorgensen

We propose a bias-aware methodology to engage with power relations in natural language processing (NLP) research. NLP research rarely engages with bias in social contexts, limiting its ability to mitigate bias. While researchers have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-12 Lucy Havens , Melissa Terras , Benjamin Bach , Beatrice Alex

With the widespread use of AI systems and applications in our everyday lives, it is important to take fairness issues into consideration while designing and engineering these types of systems. Such systems can be used in many sensitive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-26 Ninareh Mehrabi , Fred Morstatter , Nripsuta Saxena , Kristina Lerman , Aram Galstyan