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Diffusion language models hold the promise of fast parallel generation, while autoregressive (AR) models typically excel in quality due to their causal structure aligning naturally with language modeling. This raises a fundamental question:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Jingyu Liu , Xin Dong , Zhifan Ye , Rishabh Mehta , Yonggan Fu , Vartika Singh , Jan Kautz , Ce Zhang , Pavlo Molchanov

Enabling neural networks to learn complex logical constraints and fulfill symbolic reasoning is a critical challenge. Bridging this gap often requires guiding the neural network's output distribution to move closer to the symbolic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Xuan Zhang , Zhijian Zhou , Weidi Xu , Yanting Miao , Chao Qu , Yuan Qi

Autoregressive (AR) generation is the standard decoding paradigm for Large Language Models (LLMs), but its token-by-token nature limits parallelism at inference time. Diffusion Language Models (DLLMs) offer parallel decoding by recovering…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Aiwei Liu , Minghua He , Shaoxun Zeng , Sijun Zhang , Linhao Zhang , Chuhan Wu , Wei Jia , Yuan Liu , Xiao Zhou , Jie Zhou

Diffusion models have shown remarkable performance on many generative tasks. Despite recent success, most diffusion models are restricted in that they only allow linear transformation of the data distribution. In contrast, broader family of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Grigory Bartosh , Dmitry Vetrov , Christian A. Naesseth

Autoregressive (AR) language models generate text one token at a time, which limits their inference speed. Diffusion-based language models offer a promising alternative, as they can decode multiple tokens in parallel. However, we identify a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Yeongbin Seo , Dongha Lee , Jaehyung Kim , Jinyoung Yeo

Discrete diffusion models are a class of generative models that construct sequences by progressively denoising samples from a categorical noise distribution. Beyond their rapidly growing ability to generate coherent natural language, these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Michael Cardei , Jacob K Christopher , Thomas Hartvigsen , Bhavya Kailkhura , Ferdinando Fioretto

While Diffusion Large Language Models (dLLMs) have emerged as a promising non-autoregressive paradigm comparable to autoregressive (AR) models, their faithfulness, specifically regarding hallucination, remains largely underexplored. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Zhengnan Guo , Fei Tan

Modern language models have historically relied on two dominant design choices: subword tokenization and autoregressive (AR) ordering. These design decisions bake in priors that dictate a model's learning. Recently, two alternative…

Autoregressive diffusion models (ARDMs) have recently been applied to speech generation, achieving state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance in zero-shot text-to-speech. By autoregressively generating continuous speech tokens with next-token…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-24 Zhijun Liu , Dongya Jia , Xiaoqiang Wang , Chenpeng Du , Shuai Wang , Zhuo Chen , Haizhou Li

Despite the remarkable generation capabilities of Diffusion Models (DMs), conducting training and inference remains computationally expensive. Previous works have been devoted to accelerating diffusion sampling, but achieving data-efficient…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Yize Li , Yihua Zhang , Sijia Liu , Xue Lin

Autoregressive models (ARMs) and diffusion models (DMs) represent two leading paradigms in generative modeling, each excelling in distinct areas: ARMs in global context modeling and long-sequence generation, and DMs in generating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Hyungjin Chung , Dohun Lee , Jong Chul Ye

Predictive models trained on imbalanced data tend to produce biased results. This problem is exacerbated when there is not just one output label, but a set of them. This is the case for multilabel learning (MLL) algorithms used to classify…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Francisco Charte , Miguel Ángel Dávila , María Dolores Pérez-Godoy , María José del Jesus

Diffusion Models (DMs), also referred to as score-based diffusion models, utilize neural networks to specify score functions. Unlike most other probabilistic models, DMs directly model the score functions, which makes them more flexible to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Weijian Luo

Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) promise parallel generation and bidirectional context, yet they underperform autoregressive (AR) models in both likelihood modeling and generated text quality. We identify that this performance gap arises…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Litu Rout , Constantine Caramanis , Sanjay Shakkottai

Fine-tuning vision-language models (VLMs) with large amounts of unlabeled data has recently garnered significant interest. However, a key challenge remains the lack of high-quality pseudo-labeled data. Current pseudo-labeling strategies…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Hairui Ren , Fan Tang , He Zhao , Zixuan Wang , Dandan Guo , Yi Chang

Diffusion models have demonstrated their powerful generative capability in many tasks, with great potential to serve as a paradigm for offline reinforcement learning. However, the quality of the diffusion model is limited by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-15 Zhixuan Liang , Yao Mu , Mingyu Ding , Fei Ni , Masayoshi Tomizuka , Ping Luo

The modern autoregressive Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved outstanding performance on NLP benchmarks, and they are deployed in the real world. However, they still suffer from limitations of the autoregressive training paradigm.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Justin Deschenaux , Caglar Gulcehre

Recent advancements in video generation have demonstrated the potential of using video diffusion models as world models, with autoregressive generation of infinitely long videos through masked conditioning. However, such models, usually…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Taiye Chen , Zihan Ding , Anjian Li , Christina Zhang , Zeqi Xiao , Yisen Wang , Chi Jin

Reasoning with large language models often benefits from generating multiple chains-of-thought, but existing aggregation strategies are typically trajectory-level (e.g., selecting the best trace or voting on the final answer), discarding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Roy Miles , Aysim Toker , Andreea-Maria Oncescu , Songcen Xu , Jiankang Deng , Ismail Elezi

Diffusion-based language models offer a compelling alternative to autoregressive (AR) models by enabling parallel and controllable generation. Within this family, Masked Diffusion Models (MDMs) currently perform best but still underperform…

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