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Quantum computing represents a burgeoning computational paradigm that significantly advances the resolution of contemporary intricate problems across various domains, including cryptography, chemistry, and machine learning. Quantum circuits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-30 Min Yang , Xiaolong Guo , Lei Jiang

Digital watermarking methods are commonly used to safeguard digital media copyrights by confirming ownership and deterring unauthorized use. However, without reliable third-party oversight, these methods risk security vulnerabilities during…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Xiaolong Xue , Guangyong Shang , Zhen Ma , Minghui Xu , Hechuan Guo , Kun Li , Xiuzhen Cheng

The advancement in text-to-image models has led to astonishing artistic performances. However, several studios and websites illegally fine-tune these models using artists' artworks to mimic their styles for profit, which violates the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Ge Luo , Junqiang Huang , Manman Zhang , Zhenxing Qian , Sheng Li , Xinpeng Zhang

Digital watermarking is a technique of information adding or information hiding in order to identify the owner of the data in multimedia content. It seems that a signal or digital image can permanently embed over another digital data…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2013-03-26 Arijit Kumar Pal , Poulami Das , Nilanjan Dey

Due to the recent demand of 3-D meshes in a wide range of applications such as video games, medical imaging, film special effect making, computer-aided design (CAD), among others, the necessity of implementing 3-D mesh watermarking schemes…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-25 Mohamed Hamidi , Aladine Chetouani , Mohamed El Haziti1 , Mohammed El Hassouni , Hocine Cherifi

The development of large language models (LLMs) has raised concerns about potential misuse. One practical solution is to embed a watermark in the text, allowing ownership verification through watermark extraction. Existing methods primarily…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Yuhang Cai , Yaofei Wang , Donghui Hu , Chen Gu

As generative artificial intelligence technologies like Stable Diffusion advance, visual content becomes more vulnerable to misuse, raising concerns about copyright infringement. Visual watermarks serve as effective protection mechanisms,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Junxian Duan , Jiyang Guan , Wenkui Yang , Ran He

With the increasing prevalence of Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) platforms, there is a growing focus on deep neural network (DNN) watermarking techniques. These methods are used to facilitate the verification of ownership for a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Yuxuan Li , Sarthak Kumar Maharana , Yunhui Guo

Software watermarking involves embedding a unique identifier or, equivalently, a watermark value within a software to prove owner's authenticity and thus to prevent or discourage copyright infringement. Towards the embedding process,…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2014-03-27 Ioannis Chionis , Maria Chroni , Stavros D. Nikolopoulos

Embeddings as a Service (EaaS) is emerging as a crucial role in AI applications. Unfortunately, EaaS is vulnerable to model extraction attacks, highlighting the urgent need for copyright protection. Although some preliminary works propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Zongqi Wang , Baoyuan Wu , Jingyuan Deng , Yujiu Yang

With the increasing application value of machine learning, the intellectual property (IP) rights of deep neural networks (DNN) are getting more and more attention. With our analysis, most of the existing DNN watermarking methods can resist…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-12 Tzu-Yun Chien , Chih-Ya Shen

Watermarking schemes for large language models (LLMs) have been proposed to identify the source of the generated text, mitigating the potential threats emerged from model theft. However, current watermarking solutions hardly resolve the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Haohua Duan , Liyao Xiang , Xin Zhang

Amidst rising concerns about the internet being proliferated with content generated from language models (LMs), watermarking is seen as a principled way to certify whether text was generated from a model. Many recent watermarking techniques…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Saksham Rastogi , Danish Pruthi

Arbitrary Style Transfer (AST) achieves the rendering of real natural images into the painting styles of arbitrary art style images, promoting art communication. However, misuse of unauthorized art style images for AST may infringe on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Yunming Zhang , Dengpan Ye , Sipeng Shen , Jun Wang

Text watermarks in large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to detect synthetic text, mitigating misuse cases like fake news and academic dishonesty. While existing watermarking detection techniques primarily focus on classifying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Xuandong Zhao , Chenwen Liao , Yu-Xiang Wang , Lei Li

Text watermarking for Large Language Models (LLMs) has made significant progress in detecting LLM outputs and preventing misuse. Current watermarking techniques offer high detectability, minimal impact on text quality, and robustness to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Aiwei Liu , Sheng Guan , Yiming Liu , Leyi Pan , Yifei Zhang , Liancheng Fang , Lijie Wen , Philip S. Yu , Xuming Hu

Embedding-as-a-Service (EaaS) is an effective and convenient deployment solution for addressing various NLP tasks. Nevertheless, recent research has shown that EaaS is vulnerable to model extraction attacks, which could lead to significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Shufan Yang , Zifeng Cheng , Zhiwei Jiang , Yafeng Yin , Cong Wang , Shiping Ge , Yuchen Fu , Qing Gu

To support various applications, a prevalent and efficient approach for business owners is leveraging their valuable datasets to fine-tune a pre-trained LLM through the API provided by LLM owners or cloud servers. However, this process…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Shen Li , Liuyi Yao , Jinyang Gao , Lan Zhang , Yaliang Li

Recent years have witnessed the prosperous development of Graph Self-supervised Learning (GSSL), which enables to pre-train transferable foundation graph encoders. However, the easy-to-plug-in nature of such encoders makes them vulnerable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Xiangyu Zhao , Hanzhou Wu , Xinpeng Zhang

Language models now routinely produce text that is difficult to distinguish from human writing, raising the need for robust tools to verify content provenance. Watermarking has emerged as a promising countermeasure, with existing work…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Huijia Lin , Kameron Shahabi , Min Jae Song