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Seasonal climate forecasts are commonly based on model runs from fully coupled forecasting systems that use Earth system models to represent interactions between the atmosphere, ocean, land and other Earth-system components. Recently,…

Flash floods in urban areas occur with increasing frequency. Detecting these floods would greatlyhelp alleviate human and economic losses. However, current flood prediction methods are eithertoo slow or too simplified to capture the flood…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-08-28 Kun Qian , Abduallah Mohamed , Christian Claudel

Accurate precipitation forecasting is a vital challenge of societal importance. Though data-driven approaches have emerged as a widely used solution, solely relying on data-driven approaches has limitations in modeling the underlying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Yujin Tang , Jiaming Zhou , Xiang Pan , Zeying Gong , Junwei Liang

Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP), is widely used in precipitation forecasting, based on complex equations of atmospheric motion requires supercomputers to infer the state of the atmosphere. Due to the complexity of the task and the huge…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-01-10 Xinyu Xiao , Qiuming Kuang , Shiming Xiang , Junnan Hu , Chunhong Pan

Understanding extreme events and their probability is key for the study of climate change impacts, risk assessment, adaptation, and the protection of living beings. Forecasting the occurrence probability of extreme heatwaves is a primary…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-02-21 George Miloshevich , Bastien Cozian , Patrice Abry , Pierre Borgnat , Freddy Bouchet

Accurate weather forecasts are important for disaster prevention, agricultural planning, etc. Traditional numerical weather prediction (NWP) methods offer physically interpretable high-accuracy predictions but are computationally expensive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Yuan Gao , Hao Wu , Ruiqi Shu , Huanshuo Dong , Fan Xu , Rui Ray Chen , Yibo Yan , Qingsong Wen , Xuming Hu , Kun Wang , Jiahao Wu , Qing Li , Hui Xiong , Xiaomeng Huang

Accurate precipitation forecasts are crucial for applications such as flood management, agricultural planning, water resource allocation, and weather warnings. Despite advances in numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, they still…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-09-02 Simone Monaco , Luca Monaco , Daniele Apiletti

Precipitation data collected at sub-hourly resolution represents specific challenges for missing data recovery by being largely stochastic in nature and highly unbalanced in the duration of rain vs non-rain. Here we present a two-step…

A data-driven model (DDM) suitable for regional weather forecasting applications is presented. The model extends the Artificial Intelligence Forecasting System by introducing a stretched-grid architecture that dedicates higher resolution…

This study aims to improve the accuracy of weather predictions by discovering spatial correlations between Earth observations and atmospheric states. Existing numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems predict future atmospheric states at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Hyeon-Ju Jeon , Jeon-Ho Kang , In-Hyuk Kwon , O-Joun Lee

Operational meteorological forecasting has long relied on physics-based numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. Recently, this landscape has faced disruption by the advent of data-driven artificial intelligence (AI)-based weather models,…

Numerical weather prediction has traditionally been based on physical models of the atmosphere. Recently, however, the rise of deep learning has created increased interest in purely data-driven medium-range weather forecasting with first…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2021-03-17 Stephan Rasp , Nils Thuerey

In recent years, Artificial Intelligence Weather Prediction (AIWP) models have achieved performance comparable to, or even surpassing, traditional Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models by leveraging reanalysis data. However, a…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-12-25 Pengcheng Zhao , Jiang Bian , Zekun Ni , Weixin Jin , Jonathan Weyn , Zuliang Fang , Siqi Xiang , Haiyu Dong , Bin Zhang , Hongyu Sun , Kit Thambiratnam , Qi Zhang

The demand for high-resolution information on climate change is critical for accurate projections and decision-making. Presently, this need is addressed through high-resolution climate models or downscaling. High-resolution models are…

Accurate surface solar irradiance (SSI) forecasting is essential for optimizing renewable energy systems, particularly in the context of long-term energy planning on a global scale. This paper presents a pioneering approach to solar…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-11-14 Alberto Carpentieri , Jussi Leinonen , Jeff Adie , Boris Bonev , Doris Folini , Farah Hariri

Subseasonal forecasting, which is pivotal for agriculture, water resource management, and early warning of disasters, faces challenges due to the chaotic nature of the atmosphere. Recent advances in machine learning (ML) have revolutionized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Shan Zhao , Zhitong Xiong , Xiao Xiang Zhu

Weather forecasting is crucial for managing risks and economic planning, particularly in tropical Africa, where extreme events severely impact livelihoods. Yet, existing forecasting methods often struggle with the region's complex,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Ange-Clement Akazan , Verlon Roel Mbingui , Gnankan Landry Regis N'guessan , Issa Karambal

Rainfall is an important component of the climate system and its statistical properties are vital for prediction purposes. In this study, we have developed a statistical method for constructing the distribution of annual precipitation. The…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-05-24 Yosef Ashkenazy , Naftali R. Smith

Forecasts by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF; EC for short) can provide a basis for the establishment of maritime-disaster warning systems, but they contain some systematic biases.The fifth-generation EC…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-01-04 Wei Zhang , Yueyue Jiang , Junyu Dong , Xiaojiang Song , Renbo Pang , Boyu Guoan , Hui Yu

Rain precipitation prediction is a challenging task as it depends on weather and meteorological features which vary from location to location. As a result, a prediction model that performs well at one location does not perform well at other…

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