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Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being adopted in educational settings. These applications expand beyond English, though current LLMs remain primarily English-centric. In this work, we ascertain if their use in education…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Vansh Gupta , Sankalan Pal Chowdhury , Vilém Zouhar , Donya Rooein , Mrinmaya Sachan

Background: Large language models (LLMs) are rapidly being integrated into healthcare, promising to enhance various clinical tasks. However, concerns exist regarding their potential for bias, which could compromise patient care and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Thanathip Suenghataiphorn , Narisara Tribuddharat , Pojsakorn Danpanichkul , Narathorn Kulthamrongsri

Large language models (LLMs) are widely applied across diverse domains, raising concerns about their limitations and potential risks. In this study, we investigate two types of bias that LLMs may display: stereotype bias and deviation bias.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Daniel Wang , Eli Brignac , Minjia Mao , Xiao Fang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into critical decision-making processes, such as loan approvals and visa applications, where inherent biases can lead to discriminatory outcomes. In this paper, we examine the nuanced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Mina Arzaghi , Florian Carichon , Golnoosh Farnadi

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have become ubiquitous in many fields, understanding and mitigating LLM biases is an ongoing issue. This paper provides a novel method for evaluating the demographic biases of various generative AI models.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Jack H Fagan , Ruhaan Juyaal , Amy Yue-Ming Yu , Siya Pun

Large language models (LLMs) are the foundation of the current successes of artificial intelligence (AI), however, they are unavoidably biased. To effectively communicate the risks and encourage mitigation efforts these models need adequate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Carolin M. Schuster , Maria-Alexandra Dinisor , Shashwat Ghatiwala , Georg Groh

As large language models (LLMs) become an important way of information access, there have been increasing concerns that LLMs may intensify the spread of unethical content, including implicit bias that hurts certain populations without…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Yuchen Wen , Keping Bi , Wei Chen , Jiafeng Guo , Xueqi Cheng

Large language models (LLMs) often reflect real-world biases, leading to efforts to mitigate these effects and make the models unbiased. Achieving this goal requires defining clear criteria for an unbiased state, with any deviation from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Changgeon Ko , Jisu Shin , Hoyun Song , Jeongyeon Seo , Jong C. Park

The rapid growth of Large Language Models (LLMs) has put forward the study of biases as a crucial field. It is important to assess the influence of different types of biases embedded in LLMs to ensure fair use in sensitive fields. Although…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Jayanta Sadhu , Maneesha Rani Saha , Rifat Shahriyar

Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a promising solution to complement traditional teaching and address global teacher shortages that affect hundreds of millions of children, but they fail to provide grade-appropriate responses for students…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Jio Oh , Steven Euijong Whang , James Evans , Jindong Wang

Large Language Model (LLM)-based recommendation systems excel in delivering comprehensive suggestions by deeply analyzing content and user behavior. However, they often inherit biases from skewed training data, favoring mainstream content…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Anindya Bijoy Das , Shahnewaz Karim Sakib

Large Language Models (LLMs) routinely infer users demographic traits from phrasing alone, which can result in biased responses, even when no explicit demographic information is provided. The role of disability cues in shaping these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Vishnu Hari , Kalpana Panda , Srikant Panda , Amit Agarwal , Hitesh Laxmichand Patel

Due to the implement of guardrails by developers, Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance in explicit bias tests. However, bias in LLMs may occur not only explicitly, but also implicitly, much like humans who…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Xinru Lin , Luyang Li

Tabular machine learning problems often require time-consuming and labor-intensive feature engineering. Recent efforts have focused on using large language models (LLMs) to capitalize on their potential domain knowledge. At the same time,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Jaris Küken , Lennart Purucker , Frank Hutter

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been shown to exhibit various biases and stereotypes in their generated content. While extensive research has investigated biases in LLMs, prior work has predominantly focused on explicit bias, with minimal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Yachao Zhao , Bo Wang , Yan Wang , Dongming Zhao , Ruifang He , Yuexian Hou

Recent studies show that large language models (LLMs) improve their performance through self-feedback on certain tasks while degrade on others. We discovered that such a contrary is due to LLM's bias in evaluating their own output. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Wenda Xu , Guanglei Zhu , Xuandong Zhao , Liangming Pan , Lei Li , William Yang Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) inherit societal biases from their training data, potentially leading to harmful or unfair outputs. While various techniques aim to mitigate these biases, their effects are often evaluated only along the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Shireen Chand , Faith Baca , Emilio Ferrara

This paper studies the performance of large language models (LLMs), particularly regarding demographic fairness, in solving real-world healthcare tasks. We evaluate state-of-the-art LLMs with three prevalent learning frameworks across six…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Yue Zhou , Barbara Di Eugenio , Lu Cheng

Large language models (LLMs) have rapidly become indispensable tools for acquiring information and supporting human decision-making. However, ensuring that these models uphold fairness across varied contexts is critical to their safe and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Xulang Zhang , Rui Mao , Erik Cambria

This paper presents a systematic analysis of biases in open-source Large Language Models (LLMs), across gender, religion, and race. Our study evaluates bias in smaller-scale Llama and Gemma models using the SALT ($\textbf{S}$ocial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Samee Arif , Zohaib Khan , Maaidah Kaleem , Suhaib Rashid , Agha Ali Raza , Awais Athar