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Fine-tuning pre-trained models for downstream tasks has led to a proliferation of open-sourced task-specific models. Recently, Model Merging (MM) has emerged as an effective approach to facilitate knowledge transfer among these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Jinghuai Zhang , Jianfeng Chi , Zheng Li , Kunlin Cai , Yang Zhang , Yuan Tian

Model merging is an emerging technique that integrates multiple models fine-tuned on different tasks to create a versatile model that excels in multiple domains. This scheme, in the meantime, may open up backdoor attack opportunities where…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Ming Yin , Jingyang Zhang , Jingwei Sun , Minghong Fang , Hai Li , Yiran Chen

LLM-based multi-agent systems (MAS) demonstrate increasing integration into next-generation applications, but their safety in backdoor attacks remains largely underexplored. However, existing research has focused exclusively on single-agent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Pengyu Zhu , Lijun Li , Yaxing Lyu , Li Sun , Sen Su , Jing Shao

Model Merging (MM) has emerged as a promising alternative to multi-task learning, where multiple fine-tuned models are combined, without access to tasks' training data, into a single model that maintains performance across tasks. Recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Ankit Gangwal , Aaryan Ajay Sharma

Model merging for Large Language Models (LLMs) directly fuses the parameters of different models finetuned on various tasks, creating a unified model for multi-domain tasks. However, due to potential vulnerabilities in models available on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Zenghui Yuan , Yangming Xu , Jiawen Shi , Pan Zhou , Lichao Sun

Model merging aims to integrate the strengths of multiple fine-tuned models into a unified model while preserving task-specific capabilities. Existing methods, represented by task arithmetic, are typically classified into global- and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Kunda Yan , Min Zhang , Sen Cui , Zikun Qu , Bo Jiang , Feng Liu , Changshui Zhang

Model merging aims to integrate multiple task-specific fine-tuned models derived from a shared pre-trained checkpoint into a single multi-task model without additional training. Despite extensive research, task interference remains a major…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Longhua Li , Lei Qi , Qi Tian , Xin Geng

Model merging (MM) recently emerged as an effective method for combining large deep learning models. However, it poses significant security risks. Recent research shows that it is highly susceptible to backdoor attacks, which introduce a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Stanisław Pawlak , Jan Dubiński , Daniel Marczak , Bartłomiej Twardowski

By merging models, AI systems can combine the distinct strengths of separate language models, achieving a balance between multiple capabilities without requiring substantial retraining. However, the integration process can be intricate due…

Diffusion models (DMs) are regarded as one of the most advanced generative models today, yet recent studies suggest that they are vulnerable to backdoor attacks, which establish hidden associations between particular input patterns and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Jiang Hao , Xiao Jin , Hu Xiaoguang , Chen Tianyou , Zhao Jiajia

Model merging integrates multiple task-specific models into a single consolidated one. Recent research has made progress in improving merging performance for in-distribution or multi-task scenarios, but domain generalization in model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Levy Chaves , Chao Zhou , Rebekka Burkholz , Eduardo Valle , Sandra Avila

The widespread adoption of deep learning across various industries has introduced substantial challenges, particularly in terms of model explainability and security. The inherent complexity of deep learning models, while contributing to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Kealan Dunnett , Reza Arablouei , Dimity Miller , Volkan Dedeoglu , Raja Jurdak

Model merging has emerged as a cost-efficient approximation to multitask learning. Among merging strategies, task arithmetic is notable for its simplicity and effectiveness. In this work, we provide a theoretical motivation for task vectors…

Model merging leverages multiple finetuned expert models to construct a multi-task model with low cost, and is gaining increasing attention. However, as a growing number of finetuned models become publicly available, concerns about the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Zihao Wang , Enneng Yang , Lu Yin , Shiwei Liu , Li Shen

Model merging aims to cheaply combine individual task-specific models into a single multitask model. In this work, we view past merging methods as leveraging different notions of a ''task parameter subspace'' in which models are matched…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Derek Tam , Mohit Bansal , Colin Raffel

Merging multiple expert models offers a promising approach for performing multi-task learning without accessing their original data. Existing methods attempt to alleviate task conflicts by sparsifying task vectors or promoting orthogonality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yongxian Wei , Anke Tang , Li Shen , Zixuan Hu , Chun Yuan , Xiaochun Cao

With the availability of diverse sensor modalities (i.e., RGB, Depth, Infrared) and the success of multi-modal learning, multi-modal face anti-spoofing (FAS) has emerged as a prominent research focus. The intuition behind it is that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Jingyi Yang , Xun Lin , Zitong Yu , Liepiao Zhang , Xin Liu , Hui Li , Xiaochen Yuan , Xiaochun Cao

Masked image modeling (MIM) revolutionizes self-supervised learning (SSL) for image pre-training. In contrast to previous dominating self-supervised methods, i.e., contrastive learning, MIM attains state-of-the-art performance by masking…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-05 Xinyue Shen , Xinlei He , Zheng Li , Yun Shen , Michael Backes , Yang Zhang

Large-scale deep learning models with a pretraining-finetuning paradigm have led to a surge of numerous task-specific models fine-tuned from a common pre-trained model. Recently, several research efforts have been made on merging these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Yeoreum Lee , Jinwook Jung , Sungyong Baik

We present DASH (Deception-Augmented Shared mental model for Human-machine teaming), a novel framework that enhances mission resilience by embedding proactive deception into Shared Mental Models (SMM). Designed for mission-critical…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Zelin Wan , Han Jun Yoon , Nithin Alluru , Terrence J. Moore , Frederica F. Nelson , Seunghyun Yoon , Hyuk Lim , Dan Dongseong Kim , Jin-Hee Cho
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