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Threat modeling is a popular method to securely develop systems by achieving awareness of potential areas of future damage caused by adversaries. However, threat modeling for systems relying on Artificial Intelligence is still not well…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Jan von der Assen , Jamo Sharif , Chao Feng , Christian Killer , Gérôme Bovet , Burkhard Stiller

Rapidly evolving AI exhibits increasingly strong autonomy and goal-directed capabilities, accompanied by derivative systemic risks that are more unpredictable, difficult to control, and potentially irreversible. However, current AI safety…

Large language models (LLMs) have become increasingly sophisticated, leading to widespread deployment in sensitive applications where safety and reliability are paramount. However, LLMs have inherent risks accompanying them, including bias,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Suriya Ganesh Ayyamperumal , Limin Ge

This study provides an in_depth analysis of the ethical and trustworthiness challenges emerging alongside the rapid advancement of generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and proposes a comprehensive framework for their…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Cheonsu Jeong , Seunghyun Lee , Seonhee Jeong , Sungsu Kim

Social engineering (SE) attacks remain a significant threat to both individuals and organizations. The advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI), including diffusion models and large language models (LLMs), has potentially intensified…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Jingru Yu , Yi Yu , Xuhong Wang , Yilun Lin , Manzhi Yang , Yu Qiao , Fei-Yue Wang

This paper explores the potential of a multidisciplinary approach to testing and aligning artificial intelligence (AI), specifically focusing on large language models (LLMs). Due to the rapid development and wide application of LLMs,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Ljubisa Bojic , Matteo Cinelli , Dubravko Culibrk , Boris Delibasic

In the ever-evolving realm of cybersecurity, the rise of generative AI models like ChatGPT, FraudGPT, and WormGPT has introduced both innovative solutions and unprecedented challenges. This research delves into the multifaceted applications…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Polra Victor Falade

To understand and identify the unprecedented risks posed by rapidly advancing artificial intelligence (AI) models, this report presents a comprehensive assessment of their frontier risks. Drawing on the E-T-C analysis (deployment…

As part of the Frontier AI Safety Commitments agreed to at the 2024 AI Seoul Summit, many AI developers agreed to publish a safety framework outlining how they will manage potential severe risks associated with their systems. This paper…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Marie Davidsen Buhl , Ben Bucknall , Tammy Masterson

We present a framework for the automated measurement of responsible AI (RAI) metrics for large language models (LLMs) and associated products and services. Our framework for automatically measuring harms from LLMs builds on existing…

This paper presents an approach to developing assurance cases for adversarial robustness and regulatory compliance in large language models (LLMs). Focusing on both natural and code language tasks, we explore the vulnerabilities these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Tomas Bueno Momcilovic , Dian Balta , Beat Buesser , Giulio Zizzo , Mark Purcell

The rapid advancement of Generative Artificial Intelligence has fueled deepfake proliferation-synthetic media encompassing fully generated content and subtly edited authentic material-posing challenges to digital security, misinformation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Naseem Khan , Tuan Nguyen , Amine Bermak , Issa Khalil

Ensuring the security of large language models (LLMs) is an ongoing challenge despite their widespread popularity. Developers work to enhance LLMs security, but vulnerabilities persist, even in advanced versions like GPT-4. Attackers…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Aysan Esmradi , Daniel Wankit Yip , Chun Fai Chan

This paper investigates the critical issue of data poisoning attacks on AI models, a growing concern in the ever-evolving landscape of artificial intelligence and cybersecurity. As advanced technology systems become increasingly prevalent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Halima I. Kure , Pradipta Sarkar , Ahmed B. Ndanusa , Augustine O. Nwajana

The rise of Generative AI (GAI) and Large Language Models (LLMs) has transformed industrial landscapes, offering unprecedented opportunities for efficiency and innovation while raising critical ethical, regulatory, and operational…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Junfeng Jiao , Saleh Afroogh , Kevin Chen , David Atkinson , Amit Dhurandhar

Generative AI is rapidly moving from research to deployment, elevating the need for responsible development, evaluation, and governance. We conduct a PRISMA guided review of 232 studies (November 2022 - December 2025), spanning large…

In this position paper, we address the persistent gap between rapidly growing AI capabilities and lagging safety progress. Existing paradigms divide into ``Make AI Safe'', which applies post-hoc alignment and guardrails but remains brittle…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Youbang Sun , Xiang Wang , Jie Fu , Chaochao Lu , Bowen Zhou

Large Language Models (LLMs) are swiftly advancing in architecture and capability, and as they integrate more deeply into complex systems, the urgency to scrutinize their security properties grows. This paper surveys research in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Erfan Shayegani , Md Abdullah Al Mamun , Yu Fu , Pedram Zaree , Yue Dong , Nael Abu-Ghazaleh

The rapid advancement of AI technologies yields numerous future impacts on individuals and society. Policymakers are tasked to react quickly and establish policies that mitigate those impacts. However, anticipating the effectiveness of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Julia Barnett , Kimon Kieslich , Nicholas Diakopoulos

The rapid proliferation of AI-Generated Images (AIGIs) has introduced severe risks of misinformation, making AIGI detection a critical yet challenging task. While traditional detection paradigms mainly rely on low-level features, recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Chenyang Zhu , Maorong Wang , Jun Liu , Ching-Chun Chang , Isao Echizen