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The quality of the dataset is crucial for ensuring optimal performance and reliability of downstream task models. However, datasets often contain noisy data inadvertently included during the construction process. Numerous attempts have been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Juhwan Choi , Jungmin Yun , Kyohoon Jin , YoungBin Kim

What if large language models could not only infer human mindsets but also expose every blind spot in team dialogue such as discrepancies in the team members' joint understanding? We present a novel, two-step framework that leverages large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Katharine Kowalyshyn , Matthias Scheutz

With the rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) and their ubiquitous deployment in diverse domains, measuring language model behavior on realistic data is imperative. For example, a company deploying a client-facing chatbot must ensure that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Neel Jain , Khalid Saifullah , Yuxin Wen , John Kirchenbauer , Manli Shu , Aniruddha Saha , Micah Goldblum , Jonas Geiping , Tom Goldstein

Unlike traditional citation analysis -- which assumes that all citations in a paper are equivalent -- citation context analysis considers the contextual information of individual citations. However, citation context analysis requires…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Kai Nishikawa , Hitoshi Koshiba

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has advanced the benchmark in various Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. However, large amounts of labelled training data are required to train LLMs. Furthermore, data annotation and training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Sargam Yadav , Abhishek Kaushik , Kevin McDaid

Linguistic bias in online news and social media is widespread but difficult to measure. Yet, its identification and quantification remain difficult due to subjectivity, context dependence, and the scarcity of high-quality gold-label…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Fabian Haak , Philipp Schaer

Large Language Models (LLMs) are being increasingly integrated into software systems, offering powerful capabilities but also raising concerns about fairness. Existing fairness benchmarks, however, focus on stereotype-specific associations,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Gianmario Voria , Martina De Lucia , Alessandra Raia , Andrea De Lucia , Gemma Catolino , Fabio Palomba

Large language models (LLMs) are becoming increasingly important for machine learning applications. However, it can be challenging to align LLMs with our intent, particularly when we want to generate content that is preferable over others…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Xiang Gao , Kamalika Das

Large language models (LLMs) are powerful tools capable of handling diverse tasks. Comparing and selecting appropriate LLMs for specific tasks requires systematic evaluation methods, as models exhibit varying capabilities across different…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Anna Sokol , Elizabeth Daly , Michael Hind , David Piorkowski , Xiangliang Zhang , Nuno Moniz , Nitesh Chawla

Human evaluation is increasingly critical for assessing large language models, capturing linguistic nuances, and reflecting user preferences more accurately than traditional automated metrics. However, the resource-intensive nature of this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Meriem Boubdir , Edward Kim , Beyza Ermis , Marzieh Fadaee , Sara Hooker

Although the annotation paradigm based on Large Language Models (LLMs) has made significant breakthroughs in recent years, its actual deployment still has two core bottlenecks: first, the cost of calling commercial APIs in large-scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Yao Lu , Zhaiyuan Ji , Jiawei Du , Yu Shanqing , Qi Xuan , Tianyi Zhou

Humanitarian organizations face a critical choice: invest in costly commercial APIs or rely on free open-weight models for multilingual human rights monitoring. While commercial systems offer reliability, open-weight alternatives lack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Poli Nemkova , Amrit Adhikari , Matthew Pearson , Vamsi Krishna Sadu , Mark V. Albert

Evaluating the quality of search, ranking and RAG systems traditionally requires a significant number of human relevance annotations. In recent times, several deployed systems have explored the usage of Large Language Models (LLMs) as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Abhishek Divekar , Anirban Majumder

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly popular but are also prone to generating bias, toxic or harmful language, which can have detrimental effects on individuals and communities. Although most efforts is put to assess and mitigate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Caroline Brun , Vassilina Nikoulina

As generative large language models (LLMs) grow more performant and prevalent, we must develop comprehensive enough tools to measure and improve their fairness. Different prompt-based datasets can be used to measure social bias across…

This position paper argues that annotation disagreement in Natural Language Inference (NLI) is not mere noise but often reflects meaningful variation, especially when triggered by ambiguity in the premise or hypothesis. While underspecified…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Chathuri Jayaweera , Bonnie J. Dorr

Financial arguments play a critical role in shaping investment decisions and public trust in financial institutions. Nevertheless, assessing their quality remains poorly studied in the literature. In this paper, we examine the capabilities…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Alaa Alhamzeh , Mays Al Rebdawi

Data annotation refers to the labeling or tagging of textual data with relevant information. A large body of works have reported positive results on leveraging LLMs as an alternative to human annotators. However, existing studies focus on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Yu-Min Tseng , Wei-Lin Chen , Chung-Chi Chen , Hsin-Hsi Chen

With the rapid advancement and strong generalization capabilities of large language models (LLMs), they have been increasingly incorporated into the active learning pipelines as annotators to reduce annotation costs. However, considering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Yuanyuan Qi , Xiaohao Yang , Jueqing Lu , Guoxiang Guo , Joanne Enticott , Gang Liu , Lan Du

Large language models (LLMs) offer promising opportunities for organizational research. However, their built-in moderation systems can create problems when researchers try to analyze harmful content, often refusing to follow certain…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Mustafa Akben , Aaron Satko