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Implicit Neural Representations (INRs) model continuous signals using multilayer perceptrons (MLPs), enabling compact, differentiable, and high-fidelity representations of data across diverse domains. However, due to the low-frequency bias…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Tomasz Dądela , Adam Kania , Maciej Rut , Przemysław Spurek

Fourier-encoded implicit neural representations (INRs) have shown strong capability in modeling continuous signals from discrete samples. However, conventional Fourier feature mappings use a fixed set of frequencies over the entire spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Ligen Shi , Jun Qiu , Yuhang Zheng , Zengyu Pang , Chang Liu

Implicit Neural Representations (INRs) have gained success in various signal processing tasks due to their advantages of continuity and infinite resolution. However, the factors influencing their effectiveness and limitations remain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Linfei Li , Fengyi Zhang , Zhong Wang , Lin Zhang , Ying Shen

The optimization algorithms are crucial in training physics-informed neural networks (PINNs), as unsuitable methods may lead to poor solutions. Compared to the common gradient descent (GD) algorithm, implicit gradient descent (IGD)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Xianliang Xu , Ting Du , Wang Kong , Bin Shan , Ye Li , Zhongyi Huang

Recent studies have shown remarkable progress in GANs based on implicit neural representation (INR) - an MLP that produces an RGB value given its (x, y) coordinate. They represent an image as a continuous version of the underlying 2D signal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Namwoo Lee , Hyunsu Kim , Gayoung Lee , Sungjoo Yoo , Yunjey Choi

Implicit neural representations (INRs), which leverage neural networks to represent signals by mapping coordinates to their corresponding attributes, have garnered significant attention. They are extensively utilized for image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Sheng Zheng , Chaoning Zhang , Dongshen Han , Fachrina Dewi Puspitasari , Xinhong Hao , Yang Yang , Heng Tao Shen

Gradient descent can be surprisingly good at optimizing deep neural networks without overfitting and without explicit regularization. We find that the discrete steps of gradient descent implicitly regularize models by penalizing gradient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-20 David G. T. Barrett , Benoit Dherin

Implicit Neural Representations (INRs) have emerged as a powerful paradigm for parameterizing physical fields, yet they often suffer from spectral bias and the computational expense of non-convex optimization. We introduce the Vekua Layer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Vladimer Khasia

Encoding input coordinates with sinusoidal functions into multilayer perceptrons (MLPs) has proven effective for implicit neural representations (INRs) of low-dimensional signals, enabling the modeling of high-frequency details. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Diana Aldana , João Paulo Lima , Daniel Csillag , Daniel Perazzo , Haoan Feng , Luiz Velho , Tiago Novello

An ongoing challenge in neural information processing is: how do neurons adjust their connectivity to improve task performance over time (i.e., actualize learning)? It is widely believed that there is a consistent, synaptic-level learning…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Aman Bhargava , Mohammad R. Rezaei , Milad Lankarany

Implicit neural representations (INRs) have arisen as useful methods for representing signals on Euclidean domains. By parameterizing an image as a multilayer perceptron (MLP) on Euclidean space, INRs effectively represent signals in a way…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-03 T. Mitchell Roddenberry , Vishwanath Saragadam , Maarten V. de Hoop , Richard G. Baraniuk

Implicit neural representation, which expresses an image as a continuous function rather than a discrete grid form, is widely used for image processing. Despite its outperforming results, there are still remaining limitations on restoring…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-26 Wonjoon Chang , Dahee Kwon , Bumjin Park

Arguably the biggest challenge in applying neural networks is tuning the hyperparameters, in particular the learning rate. The sensitivity to the learning rate is due to the reliance on backpropagation to train the network. In this paper we…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-08-08 Francois Fagan , Garud Iyengar

Implicit Neural Representations (INRs) have revolutionized signal processing and computer vision by modeling signals as continuous, differentiable functions parameterized by neural networks. However, INRs are prone to the spectral bias…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Ali Haider , Muhammad Salman Ali , Maryam Qamar , Tahir Khalil , Soo Ye Kim , Jihyong Oh , Enzo Tartaglione , Sung-Ho Bae

We present a novel yet simple deep learning approach, called input gradient annealing neural network (IGANN), for solving stationary Fokker-Planck equations. Traditional methods, such as finite difference and finite elements, suffer from…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-09-04 Liangkai Hang , Dan Hu , Zhi-Qin John Xu

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are fundamental tools in graph machine learning. The performance of GNNs relies crucially on the availability of informative node features, which can be limited or absent in real-life datasets and applications.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Ziyao Cui , Edric Tam

Implicit neural representations (INRs) have recently emerged as a promising alternative to classical discretized representations of signals. Nevertheless, despite their practical success, we still do not understand how INRs represent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-28 Gizem Yüce , Guillermo Ortiz-Jiménez , Beril Besbinar , Pascal Frossard

The phenomenon of implicit regularization has attracted interest in recent years as a fundamental aspect of the remarkable generalizing ability of neural networks. In a nutshell, it entails that gradient descent dynamics in many neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Hong T. M. Chu , Subhro Ghosh , Chi Thanh Lam , Soumendu Sundar Mukherjee

Spectral bias is an important observation of neural network training, stating that the network will learn a low frequency representation of the target function before converging to higher frequency components. This property is interesting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-05 John Lazzari , Xiuwen Liu

With the excellent representation capabilities of Pre-Trained Models (PTMs), remarkable progress has been made in non-rehearsal Class-Incremental Learning (CIL) research. However, it remains an extremely challenging task due to three…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Jiawei Zhan , Jun Liu , Jinlong Peng , Xiaochen Chen , Bin-Bin Gao , Yong Liu , Chengjie Wang