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Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs) have recently been employed to determine whether a specific text was part of the pre-training data of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, existing methods often misinfer non-members as members, leading…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Saleh Zare Zade , Yao Qiang , Xiangyu Zhou , Hui Zhu , Mohammad Amin Roshani , Prashant Khanduri , Dongxiao Zhu

Most membership inference attacks (MIAs) against Large Language Models (LLMs) rely on global signals, like average loss, to identify training data. This approach, however, dilutes the subtle, localized signals of memorization, reducing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Yuetian Chen , Yuntao Du , Kaiyuan Zhang , Ashish Kundu , Charles Fleming , Bruno Ribeiro , Ninghui Li

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly trained on tabular data, which, unlike unstructured text, often contains personally identifiable information (PII) in a highly structured and explicit format. As a result, privacy risks arise,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Eyal German , Sagiv Antebi , Daniel Samira , Asaf Shabtai , Yuval Elovici

Membership inference attacks (MIAs) aim to determine whether a specific example was used to train a given language model. While prior work has explored prompt-based attacks such as ReCALL, these methods rely heavily on the assumption that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Gyuwan Kim , Yang Li , Evangelia Spiliopoulou , Jie Ma , William Yang Wang

Membership inference attacks (MIAs) reveal whether specific data was used to train machine learning models, serving as important tools for privacy auditing and compliance assessment. Recent studies have reported that MIAs perform only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Disha Makhija , Manoj Ghuhan Arivazhagan , Vinayshekhar Bannihatti Kumar , Rashmi Gangadharaiah

As large-scale models such as Large Language Models (LLMs) and Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) see increasing deployment, their privacy risks remain underexplored. Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs), which reveal whether a data point was…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Hengyu Wu , Yang Cao

Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to memorize and reproduce content from their training data, raising significant privacy concerns, especially with web-scale datasets. Existing methods for detecting memorization are primarily…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Zhenpeng Wu , Jian Lou , Zibin Zheng , Chuan Chen

Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) represent a promising alternative to autoregressive language models, using bidirectional masked token prediction. Yet their susceptibility to privacy leakage via Membership Inference Attacks (MIA) remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yuetian Chen , Kaiyuan Zhang , Yuntao Du , Edoardo Stoppa , Charles Fleming , Ashish Kundu , Bruno Ribeiro , Ninghui Li

Determining whether a dataset was part of a machine learning model's training data pool can reveal privacy vulnerabilities, a challenge often addressed through membership inference attacks (MIAs). Traditional MIAs typically require access…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Yongchao Huang

Latent diffusion models have achieved remarkable success in high-fidelity text-to-image generation, but their tendency to memorize training data raises critical privacy and intellectual property concerns. Membership inference attacks (MIAs)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Joonsung Jeon , Woo Jae Kim , Suhyeon Ha , Sooel Son , Sung-Eui Yoon

Large language models (LLMs) can leak sensitive training data through memorization and membership inference attacks. Prior work has primarily focused on strong adversarial assumptions, including attacker access to entire samples or long,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Lucas Rosenblatt , Bin Han , Robert Wolfe , Bill Howe

Small language models (SLMs) are increasingly valued for their efficiency and deployability in resource-constrained environments, making them useful for on-device, privacy-sensitive, and edge computing applications. On the other hand,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Roya Arkhmammadova , Hosein Madadi Tamar , M. Emre Gursoy

Large language models (LLMs) often necessitate extensive labeled datasets and training compute to achieve impressive performance across downstream tasks. This paper explores a self-training paradigm, where the LLM autonomously curates its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Wei Jie Yeo , Teddy Ferdinan , Przemyslaw Kazienko , Ranjan Satapathy , Erik Cambria

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated great performance across various benchmarks, showing potential as general-purpose task solvers. However, as LLMs are typically trained on vast amounts of data, a significant concern in their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Yujuan Fu , Ozlem Uzuner , Meliha Yetisgen , Fei Xia

The remarkable language ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) stems from extensive training on vast datasets, often including copyrighted material, which raises serious concerns about unauthorized use. While Membership Inference Attacks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Haodong Li , Jingqi Zhang , Xiao Cheng , Peihua Mai , Haoyu Wang , Yan Pang

Engagement recognition in video datasets, unlike traditional image classification tasks, is particularly challenged by subjective labels and noise limiting model performance. To overcome the challenges of subjective and noisy engagement…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Alexander Vedernikov , Puneet Kumar , Haoyu Chen , Tapio Seppänen , Xiaobai Li

As large language models (LLMs) become ubiquitous in our daily tasks and digital interactions, associated privacy risks are increasingly in focus. While LLM privacy research has primarily focused on the leakage of model training data, it…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Batuhan Tömekçe , Mark Vero , Robin Staab , Martin Vechev

Whether LLMs memorize their training data and what this means, from measuring privacy leakage to detecting copyright violations, has become a rapidly growing area of research. In the last few months, more than 10 new methods have been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Matthieu Meeus , Igor Shilov , Shubham Jain , Manuel Faysse , Marek Rei , Yves-Alexandre de Montjoye

Tracking how data is mentioned and used in research papers provides critical insights for improving data discoverability, quality, and production. However, manually identifying and classifying dataset mentions across vast academic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Aivin V. Solatorio , Rafael Macalaba , James Liounis

This paper presents several novel findings on the explainability of vision reflection in large multimodal models (LMMs). First, we show that prompting an LMM to verify the prediction of a specialized vision model can improve recognition…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Guoyuan An , JaeYoon Kim , SungEui Yoon