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At the Large Hadron Collider, the vast amount of data from experiments demands not only sophisticated algorithms but also substantial computational power for efficient processing. This paper introduces hardware acceleration as an essential…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2025-01-15 Pelayo Leguina López , Santiago Folgueras

High-level synthesis (HLS) tools have brought FPGA development into the mainstream, by allowing programmers to design architectures using familiar languages such as C, C++, and OpenCL. While the move to these languages has brought…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2019-10-11 Johannes de Fine Licht , Torsten Hoefler

High-level synthesis (HLS) is a powerful tool for developing efficient hardware accelerators that rely on specialized memory systems to achieve sufficient on-chip data reuse and off-chip bandwidth utilization. However, even with HLS,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Izumi Tanaka , Ken Sakayori , Shinya Takamaeda-Yamazaki , Naoki Kobayashi

High-level synthesis (HLS) accelerates FPGA design by rapidly generating diverse implementations using optimization directives. However, even with cycle-accurate C/RTL co-simulation, the reported clock cycles often differ significantly from…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Jiho Kim , Cong Hao

Dynamic programming (DP) based algorithms are essential yet compute-intensive parts of numerous bioinformatics pipelines, which typically involve populating a 2-D scoring matrix based on a recursive formula, optionally followed by a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Yingqi Cao , Anshu Gupta , Jason Liang , Yatish Turakhia

Custom hardware accelerators for Deep Neural Networks are increasingly popular: in fact, the flexibility and performance offered by FPGAs are well-suited to the computational effort and low latency constraints required by many image…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-03-25 Serena Curzel , Nicolò Ghielmetti , Michele Fiorito , Fabrizio Ferrandi

Spatial computing architectures promise a major stride in performance and energy efficiency over the traditional load/store devices currently employed in large scale computing systems. The adoption of high-level synthesis (HLS) from…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Johannes de Fine Licht , Maciej Besta , Simon Meierhans , Torsten Hoefler

High-level synthesis (HLS) has significantly advanced the automation of digital circuits design, yet the need for expertise and time in pragma tuning remains challenging. Existing solutions for the design space exploration (DSE) adopt…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Ping Chang , Tosiron Adegbija , Yuchao Liao , Claudio Talarico , Ao Li , Janet Roveda

Spatial computing architectures pose an attractive alternative to mitigate control and data movement overheads typical of load-store architectures. In practice, these devices are rarely considered in the HPC community due to the steep…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-04-23 Tiziano De Matteis , Johannes de Fine Licht , Torsten Hoefler

High-level synthesis (HLS) has received significant attention in recent years, improving programmability for FPGAs. PolyMage is a domain-specific language (DSL) for image processing pipelines that also has a HLS backend to translate the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-12-20 Vinamra Benara , Ziaul Choudhury , Suresh Purini , Uday Bondhugula

High-Level Synthesis enables the rapid prototyping of hardware accelerators, by combining a high-level description of the functional behavior of a kernel with a set of micro-architecture optimizations as inputs. Such optimizations can be…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Stéphane Pouget , Louis-Noël Pouchet , Jason Cong

Dynamically scheduled hardware enables high-level synthesis (HLS) for applications with irregular control flow and latencies, which perform poorly with conventional statically scheduled approaches. Since dynamically scheduled hardware is…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-08-19 David Metz , Nico Reissmann , Magnus Själander

High-throughput imaging workflows, such as Parallel Rapid Imaging with Spectroscopic Mapping (PRISM), generate data at rates that exceed conventional real-time processing capabilities. We present a scalable FPGA-based preprocessing pipeline…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Weichien Liao

High-level synthesis (HLS) enhances digital hardware design productivity through a high abstraction level. Even if the HLS abstraction prevents fine-grained manual register-transfer level (RTL) optimizations, it also enables automatable…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-01 Giovanni Brignone , Mihai T. Lazarescu , Luciano Lavagno

Optimizing data movements is becoming one of the biggest challenges in heterogeneous computing to cope with data deluge and, consequently, big data applications. When creating specialized accelerators, modern high-level synthesis (HLS)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Stephanie Soldavini , Donatella Sciuto , Christian Pilato

Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) have become the leading hardware accelerator for deep learning applications and are used widely in training and inference of transformers; transformers have achieved state-of-the-art performance in many…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Andy He , Darren Key , Mason Bulling , Andrew Chang , Skyler Shapiro , Everett Lee

In this paper, we consider the HLS implementation of a three-dimensional systolic array architecture for matrix multiplication that targets specific characteristics of Intel Stratix 10 FPGAs in order to produce designs that achieve a high…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-10-25 Paolo Gorlani , Christian Plessl

High-Level Synthesis (HLS) enables rapid prototyping of complex hardware designs by translating C or C++ code to low-level RTL code. However, the testing and evaluation of HLS designs still typically rely on slow RTL-level simulators that…

Performance · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Rishov Sarkar , Rachel Paul , Cong Hao

High Level Synthesis (HLS) tools, like the Intel FPGA SDK for OpenCL, improve design productivity and enable efficient design space exploration guided by simple program directives (pragmas), but may sometimes miss important optimizations…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-01-12 Adel Ejjeh , Vikram Adve , Rob Rutenbar

Achieving timing closure and design-specific optimizations in FPGA-targeted High-Level Synthesis (HLS) remains a significant challenge due to the complex interaction between architectural constraints, resource utilization, and the absence…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Nowfel Mashnoor , Mohammad Akyash , Hadi Kamali , Kimia Azar