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Integrins are transmembrane proteins involved in hemostasis, wound healing, immunity and cancer. In response to intracellular signals and ligand binding, integrins adopt different conformations: the bent (resting) form; the intermediate…
p27$^{Kip1}$ (p27) is an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) that folds upon binding to cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk)$/$cyclin complexes (e.g., Cdk2$/$cyclin A), inhibiting their catalytic activity and causing cell cycle arrest. However,…
The intrinsic dynamics of most proteins are central to their function. Protein tyrosine kinases such as Abl1 undergo significant conformational changes that modulate their activity in response to different stimuli. These conformational…
The early stages of clot formation in blood vessels involve platelets adhesion-aggregation. Although these mechanisms have been extensively studied, gaps in their understanding still persist. We have performed detailed in-vitro experiments…
Integrin signaling regulates cell migration and plays a pivotal role in developmental processes and cancer metastasis. Integrin signaling has been studied extensively and much data is available on pathway components and interactions. Yet…
Adhesion between a T cell and an antigen presenting cell is achieved by TCR-pMHC and LFA1-ICAM1 protein complexes. These segregate to form a special pattern, known as the immunological synapse (IS), consisting of a central quasi-circular…
The polarization and motility of eukaryotic cells depends on assembly and contraction of the actin cytoskeleton and its regulation by proteins called GTPases. The activity of GTPases causes assembly of filamentous actin (by GTPases Cdc42,…
The apelinergic system is an important player in the regulation of both vascular tone and cardiovascular function, making this physiological system an attractive target for drug development for hypertension, heart failure and ischemic heart…
Integrin is an important transmembrane receptor protein which remodels the actin network and anchors the cell membrane towards the extracellular matrix via mechanochemical pathways. The clustering of specific lipids and lipid-anchored…
During the formation of a thrombus, the architecture of the growing platelet aggregate is heterogeneous, with areas of dense and loosely packed platelets. The surface of activated platelets facilitate biochemical coagulation reactions that…
When a blood vessel ruptures or gets inflamed, the human body responds by rapidly forming a clot to restrict the loss of blood. Platelets aggregation at the injury site of the blood vessel occurring via platelet-platelet adhesion, tethering…
Neurotensin receptor 1 (NTSR1), a member of the Class A G protein-coupled receptor superfamily, plays an important role in modulating dopaminergic neuronal activity and eliciting opioid-independent analgesia. Recent studies suggest that…
Integrins mediate cell adhesion and are essential receptors for the development and functioning of multicellular organisms. Integrin activation is known to require both ligand and talin binding and to correlate with cluster formation but…
An intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) lacks a stable three-dimensional structure, while it folds into a specific structure when it binds to a target molecule. In some IDP-target complexes, not all target binding surfaces are exposed on…
Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) is the nearly ubiquitous "energy currency" of living organisms, and thus is a crucial participant in the majority of enzymatic reactions. The standard models in enzyme kinetics generally ignore the temporal…
Integrins are allosteric cell adhesion receptors that control many important processes, including cell migration, proliferation, and apoptosis. Ligand binding activates integrins by stabilizing an integrin conformation with separated…
The actin cytoskeleton is composed of multiple networks which are specialized for several processes such as cell motility or cell division. Each of these networks are composed of organized actin microfilaments which are decorated with…
One of the major problems in the study of the dynamics of proteins is the visualization of changing conformations that are important for processes ranging from enzyme catalysis to signaling. A protein exhibiting conformational dynamics is…
Guanylate binding proteins (GBPs) are soluble dynamin-like proteins with structured domains that undergo a conformational transition for GTP-controlled oligomerization to exert their function as part of the innate immune system of mammalian…
The spatio-temporal organization of proteins and the associated morphological changes in membranes are of importance in cell signaling. Several mechanisms that promote the aggregation of proteins at low cell surface concentrations have been…