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Soft robots are compliant but often cannot support loads or hold their shape, while rigid robots provide structural strength but are less adaptable. Existing variable-stiffness systems usually operate at the scale of whole segments or…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Zihan Oliver Zeng , Jiajun An , Preston Luk , Upinder Kaur

Robotic manipulators, traditionally designed with classical joint-link articulated structures, excel in industrial applications but face challenges in human-centered and general-purpose tasks requiring greater dexterity and adaptability. To…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Jianshu Zhou , Junda Huang , Boyuan Liang , Xiang Zhang , Xin Ma , Masayoshi Tomizuka

We introduce a large-scale robotic system designed as a lightweight, modular, and reconfigurable structure for lunar applications. The system consists of truss-like robotic triangles formed by continuous inflated fabric tubes routed through…

Series Elastic Actuators provide many benefits in force control of robots in unconstrained environments. These benefits include high force fidelity, extremely low impedance, low friction, and good force control bandwidth. Series Elastic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2009-12-22 Arumugom. S , Muthuraman. S , Ponselvan. V

Control of soft robotic manipulators remains a challenge for designs with advanced capabilities and novel actuation. Two significant limitations are multi-axis, three-dimensional motion of soft bodies alongside actuator dynamics and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Zach J. Patterson , Andrew P. Sabelhaus , Carmel Majidi

Miniaturised soft pneumatic actuators are crucial for robotic intervention within highly constrained anatomical pathways. This work presents the design and validation of a fibre-reinforced soft actuator at the centimetre scale for inte-…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Xiangyi Tan , Aoife McDonald-Bowyer , Danail Stoyanov , Agostino Stilli

Continuum soft robots are mechanical systems entirely made of continuously deformable elements. This design solution aims to bring robots closer to invertebrate animals and soft appendices of vertebrate animals (e.g., an elephant's trunk, a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-06 Cosimo Della Santina , Christian Duriez , Daniela Rus

Soft and soft-rigid hybrid robots are inherently underactuated and operate under tight actuator limits, making task-space control with stability guarantees challenging. Common nonlinear strategies for soft robots (e.g., those based on PD…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Huy Pham , Zach J. Patterson

Capsule robots are promising tools for minimally invasive diagnostics and therapy, with applications from gastrointestinal endoscopy to targeted drug delivery and biopsy sampling. Conventional magnetic capsule robots embed bulky permanent…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Jin Zhou , Chongxun Wang , Zikang Shen , Fangzhou Xia

Traditional aerial vehicles have limitations in their capabilities due to actuator constraints, such as motor saturation. The hardware components and their arrangement are designed to satisfy specific requirements and are difficult to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Jiawei Xu , David Saldaña

Animals can finely modulate their leg stiffness to interact with complex terrains and absorb sudden shocks. In feats like leaping and sprinting, animals demonstrate a sophisticated interplay of opposing muscle pairs that actively modulate…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Erik Mortensen , Jan Petrs , Alexander Dittrich , Dario Floreano

Magnetic response soft robot realizes programmable shape regulation with the help of magnetic field and produces various actions. The shape control of magnetic soft robot is based on the magnetic anisotropy caused by the orderly…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-11-08 Ran Zhao , Hanchen Yao , Houde Dai

Soft robots offer more flexibility, compliance, and adaptability than traditional rigid robots. They are also typically lighter and cheaper to manufacture. However, their use in real-world applications is limited due to modeling challenges…

Modular soft robots have shown higher potential in sophisticated tasks than single-module robots. However, the modular structure incurs the complexity of accurate control and necessitates a control strategy specifically for modular robots.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Zixi Chen , Matteo Bernabei , Vanessa Mainardi , Xuyang Ren , Gastone Ciuti , Cesare Stefanini

Inspired by the snap-through action of a steel hairclip, we propose a design method for in-plane prestressed mechanisms that exhibit biomimetic morphing and high locomotion performance. Compliant bistable flapping mechanisms are fabricated…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Zechen Xiong , Liqi Chen , Wenxiong Hao , Yufeng Su , Hod Lipson

Highly articulated organisms serve as blueprints for incredibly dexterous mechanisms, but building similarly capable robotic counterparts has been hindered by the difficulties of developing electromechanical actuators with both the high…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Patrick Lancaster , Christoforos Mavrogiannis , Siddhartha Srinivasa , Joshua Smith

Soft robotics is a rapidly growing area of robotics research that would benefit greatly from design automation, given the challenges of manually engineering complex, compliant, and generally non-intuitive robot body plans and behaviors. It…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-06-19 Alican Mertan , Nick Cheney

There is a surge of research interest in the field of tensegrity robotics. Robots developed under this paradigm provide many advantages and have distinguishing features in terms of structural compliance, dexterity, safety, and weight…

Tip-extending soft robots that "grow" via pneumatic eversion of their body material have demonstrated applications in exploration of cluttered environments. During growth, the motion and force of the robot tip can be controlled in three…

Vine-inspired robots achieve large workspace coverage through tip eversion, enabling safe navigation in confined and cluttered environments. However, their deployment in free space is fundamentally limited by low axial stiffness, poor…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Ayodele James Oyejide , Ustaz A. Yaqub , Samir Erturk , Eray A. Baran , Fabio Stroppa