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Imitation learning for robotic manipulation often suffers from limited generalization and data scarcity, especially in complex, long-horizon tasks. In this work, we introduce a hierarchical framework that leverages code-generating…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Markus Peschl , Pietro Mazzaglia , Daniel Dijkman

Obstacle avoidance is a fundamental vision-based task essential for enabling quadrotors to perform advanced applications. When planning the trajectory, existing approaches both on optimization and learning typically regard quadrotor as a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Fanxing Li , Shengyang Wang , Yuxiang Huang , Fangyu Sun , Shuyu Wu , Yufei Yan , Danping Zou , Wenxian Yu

While significant research has focused on developing embodied reasoning capabilities using Vision-Language Models (VLMs) or integrating advanced VLMs into Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models for end-to-end robot control, few studies…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Ganlin Yang , Tianyi Zhang , Haoran Hao , Weiyun Wang , Yibin Liu , Dehui Wang , Guanzhou Chen , Zijian Cai , Junting Chen , Weijie Su , Wengang Zhou , Yu Qiao , Jifeng Dai , Jiangmiao Pang , Gen Luo , Wenhai Wang , Yao Mu , Zhi Hou

We study active object tracking, where a tracker takes visual observations (i.e., frame sequences) as input and produces the corresponding camera control signals as output (e.g., move forward, turn left, etc.). Conventional methods tackle…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-02-14 Wenhan Luo , Peng Sun , Fangwei Zhong , Wei Liu , Tong Zhang , Yizhou Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) and strong vision models have enabled rapid research and development in the field of Vision-Language-Action models that enable robotic control. The main objective of these methods is to develop a generalist…

Vision-Language-Action Models (VLAs) have shown remarkable progress towards embodied intelligence. While their architecture partially resembles that of Large Language Models (LLMs), VLAs exhibit higher complexity due to their multi-modal…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Hugo Buurmeijer , Carmen Amo Alonso , Aiden Swann , Marco Pavone

Recent applications of deep learning to navigation have generated end-to-end navigation solutions whereby visual sensor input is mapped to control signals or to motion primitives. The resulting visual navigation strategies work very well at…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-01-17 Justin S. Smith , Jin-Ha Hwang , Fu-Jen Chu , Patricio A. Vela

The aspiration of the Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) task has long been to develop an embodied agent with robust adaptability, capable of seamlessly transferring its navigation capabilities across various tasks. Despite remarkable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Siqi Zhang , Yanyuan Qiao , Qunbo Wang , Longteng Guo , Zhihua Wei , Jing Liu

Learning from demonstration for motion planning is an ongoing research topic. In this paper we present a model that is able to learn the complex mapping from raw 2D-laser range findings and a target position to the required steering…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-11-07 Mark Pfeiffer , Michael Schaeuble , Juan Nieto , Roland Siegwart , Cesar Cadena

While vision-language-action (VLA) models for embodied agents integrate perception, reasoning, and control, they remain constrained by two critical weaknesses: first, during grasping tasks, the action tokens generated by the language model…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Wentao Zhang , Aolan Sun , Wentao Mo , Xiaoyang Qu , Yuxin Zheng , Jianzong Wang

Embodied visual tracking is to follow a target object in dynamic 3D environments using an agent's egocentric vision. This is a vital and challenging skill for embodied agents. However, existing methods suffer from inefficient training and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Fangwei Zhong , Kui Wu , Hai Ci , Churan Wang , Hao Chen

Learning effective visuomotor policies for robots purely from data is challenging, but also appealing since a learning-based system should not require manual tuning or calibration. In the case of a robot operating in a real environment the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-10-12 Homanga Bharadhwaj , Zihan Wang , Yoshua Bengio , Liam Paull

Existing Vision-Language models (VLMs) estimate either long-term trajectory waypoints or a set of control actions as a reactive solution for closed-loop planning based on their rich scene comprehension. However, these estimations are coarse…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Pranjal Paul , Anant Garg , Tushar Choudhary , Arun Kumar Singh , K. Madhava Krishna

A great challenge in video-language (VidL) modeling lies in the disconnection between fixed video representations extracted from image/video understanding models and downstream VidL data. Recent studies try to mitigate this disconnection…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Tsu-Jui Fu , Linjie Li , Zhe Gan , Kevin Lin , William Yang Wang , Lijuan Wang , Zicheng Liu

We observe that the mapping between an image's representation in one model to its representation in another can be learned surprisingly well with just a linear layer, even across diverse models. Building on this observation, we propose…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Mazda Moayeri , Keivan Rezaei , Maziar Sanjabi , Soheil Feizi

While end-to-end Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models offer a promising paradigm for robotic manipulation, fine-tuning them on narrow control data often compromises the profound reasoning capabilities inherited from their base…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Tianshuo Yang , Guanyu Chen , Yutian Chen , Zhixuan Liang , Yitian Liu , Zanxin Chen , Chunpu Xu , Haotian Liang , Jiangmiao Pang , Yao Mu , Ping Luo

Recently, end-to-end learning frameworks are gaining prevalence in the field of robot control. These frameworks input states/images and directly predict the torques or the action parameters. However, these approaches are often critiqued due…

Robotics · Computer Science 2016-09-29 Lerrel Pinto , Abhinav Gupta

Learning a generalizable bimanual manipulation policy is extremely challenging for embodied agents due to the large action space and the need for coordinated arm movements. Existing approaches rely on Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Chenyou Fan , Fangzheng Yan , Chenjia Bai , Jiepeng Wang , Chi Zhang , Zhen Wang , Xuelong Li

Flowcharts are typically presented as images, driving the trend of using vision-language models (VLMs) for end-to-end flowchart understanding. However, two key challenges arise: (i) Limited controllability--users have minimal influence over…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Junyi Ye , Ankan Dash , Wenpeng Yin , Guiling Wang

Vision-Language Pre-training (VLP) has achieved impressive performance on various cross-modal downstream tasks. However, most existing methods can only learn from aligned image-caption data and rely heavily on expensive regional features,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Wei Li , Can Gao , Guocheng Niu , Xinyan Xiao , Hao Liu , Jiachen Liu , Hua Wu , Haifeng Wang