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Planetary rings are often speculated as being a relatively common attribute of giant planets, partly based on their prevalence within the Solar System. However, their formation and sustainability remain a topic of open discussion, and the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-26 Stephen R. Kane , Zhexing Li

Interior models of Jupiter and Saturn are calculated and compared in the framework of the three-layer assumption, which rely on the perception that both planets consist of three globally homogeneous regions: a dense core, a metallic…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Tristan Guillot

The region around the H$_2$O ice line, due to its higher surface density, seems to be the ideal location to form planets. The core of Jupiter, as well as the cores of close in gas giants are thus thought to form in this region of the disk.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-12-11 Arthur D. Bosman , Alex J. Cridland , Yamila Miguel

Jupiter's banded appearance may appear unchanging to the casual observer, but closer inspection reveals a dynamic, ever-changing system of belts and zones with distinct cycles of activity. Identification of these long-term cycles requires…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-08-18 L. N. Fletcher

[Abridged] We model the growth of Jupiter via core nucleated accretion, applying constraints from hydrodynamical processes that result from the disk-planet interaction. We compute the planet's internal structure using a Henyey-type stellar…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-06-20 Jack J. Lissauer , Olenka Hubickyj , Gennaro D'Angelo , Peter Bodenheimer

With JWST we can now characterize the atmospheres of planets on longer orbital planets, but this moves us into a regime where we cannot assume that tidal forces from the star have eroded planets' obliquities and synchronized their rotation…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-06-06 Emily Rauscher , Nicolas B. Cowan , Rodrigo Luger

In hot and ultra-hot Jupiters, stellar irradiation is a primary driver of atmospheric circulation and the wave structures that sustain it. We aim to investigate how variations in radiative and dynamical timescales influence global flow…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-02 C. Akın , K. Heng , J. M. Mendonça , R. Deitrick , L. Gkouvelis

Physical conditions in the atmospheres of tidally-locked, slowly-rotating hot Jupiters correspond to dynamical circulation regimes with Rhines scales and Rossby deformation radii comparable to the planetary radii. Consequently, the large…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Emily Rauscher , Kristen Menou , James Y-K. Cho , Sara Seager , Brad Hansen

Many hot and ultra-hot Jupiters have inflated radii, implying that their interiors retain significant entropy from formation. These hot interiors lead to an enhanced internal heat flux that impinges upon the atmosphere from below. In this…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-12-29 Thaddeus D. Komacek , Peter Gao , Daniel P. Thorngren , Erin M. May , Xianyu Tan

The JUNO mission to Jupiter is planned to measure the water abundance in Jupiter's atmosphere below the cloud layer. This measurement is important because it can be used to reveal valuable information on Jupiter's origin and its…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-19 Ravit Helled , Jonathan Lunine

The recently observed population of 540 free-floating Jupiter-mass objects, including 40 dynamically soft pairs in the Trapezium cluster have raised interesting questions on their formation and evolution. We test various scenarios for the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-03-14 Simon Portegies Zwart , Erwan Hochart

More than 80 giant planets are known by mass and radius. Their interior structure in terms of core mass, number of layers, and composition however is still poorly known. An overview is presented about the core mass Mcore and envelope mass…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 Nadine Nettelmann

At sufficiently high pressures (~Mbar) and low temperatures (~1e3-1eK), hydrogen and helium become partly immiscible. Interpretations of Jupiter and Saturn's magnetic fields favor the existence of a statically stable layer near the Mbar…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-09-24 Steve Markham , Tristan Guillot

Jupiter played an important role in determining the structure and configuration of the Solar System. Whereas hot-Jupiter type exoplanets preferentially form around metal-rich stars, the conditions required for the formation of planets with…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-04-04 Lars A. Buchhave , Bertram Bitsch , Anders Johansen , David W. Latham , Martin Bizzarro , Allyson Bieryla , David M. Kipping

Observations of ultra-hot Jupiters offer an unprecedented opportunity to study the physics of some of the most extreme planetary atmospheres known. With exceedingly high amounts of irradiation blasting their upper atmospheres, ultra-hot…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-04 Stefan Pelletier , Daniel Kitzmann , Valentina Vaulato , Ana Rita Costa Silva , Michal Steiner , David Ehrenreich

Towering storms, swirling clouds, and vortices are the cloud tops manifestation of complex weather systems shaping the atmosphere of Jupiter. We use observations from Juno's MicroWave Radiometer (MWR), the Very Large Array (VLA) and the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-15 Chris Moeckel , Imke de Pater , Bob Sault , Bryan Butler

A handful of planetary systems hosting a Hot Jupiter have been subsequently found to also host long-period giant planets. These ``cold Jupiters,'' giant planets residing beyond the snow line ($\sim$3\,au), play an important role in the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-16 Adriana Errico , Robert A. Wittenmyer , Jonathan Horner , Brad Carter , Valeria López

We examine the spectra and infrared colors of the cool methane-dominated atmospheres at Teff < 1400 K expected for young gas giant planets. We couple these spectral calculations to an updated version of the Marley et al. (2007) giant planet…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Jonathan J. Fortney , Mark S. Marley , Didier Saumon , Katharina Lodders

Jovian planet formation has been shown to be strongly correlated with host star metallicity, which is thought to be a proxy for disk solids. Observationally, previous works have indicated that jovian planets preferentially form around stars…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-08-04 Kiersten M. Boley , Ji Wang , Joel C. Zinn , Karen A. Collins , Kevin I. Collins , Tianjun Gan , Ting S. Li

Recent observational constraints on the internal structure of Jupiter and Saturn suggest that these planets have ``fuzzy" cores, i.e., gradients of the concentration of heavy elements that might span a large fraction of the planet's radius.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-23 J. R. Fuentes , Bradley W. Hindman , Adrian E. Fraser , Evan H. Anders
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