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Ensuring fairness in decentralized multi-agent systems presents significant challenges due to emergent biases, systemic inefficiencies, and conflicting agent incentives. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of fairness in multi-agent…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Rajesh Ranjan , Shailja Gupta , Surya Narayan Singh

Fairness in multi-agent systems (MAS) focuses on equitable reward distribution among agents in scenarios involving sensitive attributes such as race, gender, or socioeconomic status. This paper introduces fairness in Proximal Policy…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Gabriele La Malfa , Jie M. Zhang , Michael Luck , Elizabeth Black

Multi-agent systems are increasingly deployed to support various tasks where agents interact to achieve individual and collective objectives. Although these systems can enhance task performance and decision-making, fairness preservation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Zejian Eric Wu , Zhongyi Jiang , Yuan Zhuang , Paul Jen-Hwa Hu

Algorithmic fairness is often studied in static or single-agent settings, yet many real-world decision-making systems involve multiple interacting entities whose multi-stage actions jointly influence long-term outcomes. Existing fairness…

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) and multi-agent systems (MAS) are increasingly embedded across the software development lifecycle (SDLC), yet their fairness implications for developer-facing tools remain underexplored despite…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Corey Yang-Smith , Ronnie de Souza Santos , Ahmad Abdellatif

We study fairness through the lens of cooperative multi-agent learning. Our work is motivated by empirical evidence that naive maximization of team reward yields unfair outcomes for individual team members. To address fairness in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-01-20 Niko A. Grupen , Bart Selman , Daniel D. Lee

Multi-agent systems have demonstrated the ability to improve performance on a variety of predictive tasks by leveraging collaborative decision making. However, the lack of effective evaluation methodologies has made it difficult to estimate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Maeve Madigan , Parameswaran Kamalaruban , Glenn Moynihan , Tom Kempton , David Sutton , Stuart Burrell

Algorithmic fairness in recommender systems requires close attention to the needs of a diverse set of stakeholders that may have competing interests. Previous work in this area has often been limited by fixed, single-objective definitions…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Amanda Aird , Elena Štefancová , Cassidy All , Amy Voida , Martin Homola , Nicholas Mattei , Robin Burke

A multi-agent AI system (MAS) is composed of multiple autonomous agents that interact, exchange information, and make decisions based on internal generative models. Recent advances in large language models and tool-using agents have made…

Rapid advances in Generative AI are giving rise to increasingly sophisticated Multi-Agent AI (MAAI) systems. While AI fairness has been extensively studied in traditional predictive scenarios, its examination in MAAI remains nascent and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Simeon Allmendinger , Luca Deck , Lucas Mueller

Algorithmic systems are known to impact marginalized groups severely, and more so, if all sources of bias are not considered. While work in algorithmic fairness to-date has primarily focused on addressing discrimination due to individually…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-14 Vishwali Mhasawade , Rumi Chunara

Predictive algorithms are now used to help distribute a large share of our society's resources and sanctions, such as healthcare, loans, criminal detentions, and tax audits. Under the right circumstances, these algorithms can improve the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Alex Chohlas-Wood , Madison Coots , Sharad Goel , Julian Nyarko

The advent of powerful prediction algorithms led to increased automation of high-stake decisions regarding the allocation of scarce resources such as government spending and welfare support. This automation bears the risk of perpetuating…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-05-07 Matthias Kuppler , Christoph Kern , Ruben L. Bach , Frauke Kreuter

The use of algorithmic decision making systems in domains which impact the financial, social, and political well-being of people has created a demand for these decision making systems to be "fair" under some accepted notion of equity. This…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Andrew Estornell , Sanmay Das , Yang Liu , Yevgeniy Vorobeychik

Multi-agent systems are trained to maximize shared cost objectives, which typically reflect system-level efficiency. However, in the resource-constrained environments of mobility and transportation systems, efficiency may be achieved at the…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Jasmine Jerry Aloor , Siddharth Nayak , Sydney Dolan , Hamsa Balakrishnan

Fairness is one of the most desirable societal principles in collective decision-making. It has been extensively studied in the past decades for its axiomatic properties and has received substantial attention from the multiagent systems…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Hadi Hosseini

We investigate whether fairness is compatible with efficiency in economies with multi-self agents, who may not be able to integrate their multiple objectives into a single complete and transitive ranking. We adapt envy-freeness,…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2022-04-15 Sophie Bade , Erel Segal-Halevi

When agents interact with people as part of a team, fairness becomes an important factor. Prior work has proposed fairness metrics based on teammates' capabilities for task allocation within human-agent teams. However, most metrics only…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Mai Lee Chang , Kim Baraka , Greg Trafton , Zach Lalu Vazhekatt , Andrea Lockerd Thomaz

The Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency in Machine Learning (FAT-ML) literature proposes a varied set of group fairness metrics to measure discrimination against socio-demographic groups that are characterized by a protected feature,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-11 Marius Miron , Songül Tolan , Emilia Gómez , Carlos Castillo

A growing body of literature in fairness-aware machine learning (fairML) aims to mitigate machine learning (ML)-related unfairness in automated decision-making (ADM) by defining metrics that measure fairness of an ML model and by proposing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Ludwig Bothmann , Kristina Peters , Bernd Bischl
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