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Task Arithmetic is a model merging technique that enables the combination of multiple models' capabilities into a single model through simple arithmetic in the weight space, without the need for additional fine-tuning or access to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Zhixu Silvia Tao , Ian Mason , Sanjeev Kulkarni , Xavier Boix

As specialized large language models (LLMs) become increasingly prevalent, model merging methods are being used to combine them to create a single multi-task model without requiring any additional data or training. However, these approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Hetarth Chopra , Vidhi Rambhia , Vikram Adve

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models enable efficient scaling of large language models (LLMs) by activating only a subset of experts per input. However, we observe that the commonly used auxiliary load balancing loss often leads to expert…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Hongcan Guo , Haolang Lu , Guoshun Nan , Bolun Chu , Jialin Zhuang , Yuan Yang , Wenhao Che , Xinye Cao , Sicong Leng , Qimei Cui , Xudong Jiang

Regression Mean (RegMean), an approach that formulates model merging as a linear regression problem, aims to find the optimal weights for each linear layer in the merged model by minimizing the discrepancy in predictions between the merged…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 The-Hai Nguyen , Dang Huu-Tien , Takeshi Suzuki , Le-Minh Nguyen

Transfer and multi-task learning have traditionally focused on either a single source-target pair or very few, similar tasks. Ideally, the linguistic levels of morphology, syntax and semantics would benefit each other by being trained in a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-25 Kazuma Hashimoto , Caiming Xiong , Yoshimasa Tsuruoka , Richard Socher

We propose a novel method to merge convolutional neural-nets for the inference stage. Given two well-trained networks that may have different architectures that handle different tasks, our method aligns the layers of the original networks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-05-15 Yi-Min Chou , Yi-Ming Chan , Jia-Hong Lee , Chih-Yi Chiu , Chu-Song Chen

Combining different models is a widely used paradigm in machine learning applications. While the most common approach is to form an ensemble of models and average their individual predictions, this approach is often rendered infeasible by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Sidak Pal Singh , Martin Jaggi

Model merging aims to integrate task-specific abilities from individually fine-tuned models into a single model without extra training. In recent model merging methods, task vector has become a fundamental building block, as it can…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Bang An , Yibo Yang , Philip Torr , Bernard Ghanem

With the rapid growth of deep learning, there is an increasing availability of open-source models for various tasks. However, single fine-tuned models often fall short of meeting the diverse needs of users. Model merging has thus emerged as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Shenghe Zheng , Hongzhi Wang

Biological multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have emerged as powerful foundation models for scientific discovery. However, existing models are specialized to a single modality, limiting their ability to solve inherently cross-modal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Wonbin Lee , Dongki Kim , Sung Ju Hwang

Achieving high-performing language models which include medium- and lower-resource languages remains a challenge. Massively multilingual models still underperform compared to language-specific adaptations, especially at smaller model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Kevin Glocker , Kätriin Kukk , Romina Oji , Marcel Bollmann , Marco Kuhlmann , Jenny Kunz

In this study, we evaluate the effect of model merging in ad-hoc retrieval tasks. Model merging is a technique that combines the diverse characteristics of multiple models. We hypothesized that applying model merging to domain-specific…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Taiga Sasaki , Takehiro Yamamoto , Hiroaki Ohshima , Sumio Fujita

Model merging combines multiple models into a single model with aggregated capabilities, making it a powerful tool for large language model (LLM) development. However, scaling model merging is challenging: performance depends on the choice…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Oliver Bolton , Aakanksha , Arash Ahmadian , Sara Hooker , Marzieh Fadaee , Beyza Ermis

Approximate unlearning has gained popularity as an approach to efficiently update an LLM so that it behaves (roughly) as if it was not trained on a subset of data to begin with. However, existing methods are brittle in practice and can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Kevin Kuo , Amrith Setlur , Kartik Srinivas , Aditi Raghunathan , Virginia Smith

As deep learning applications continue to become more diverse, an interesting question arises: Can general problem solving arise from jointly learning several such diverse tasks? To approach this question, deep multi-task learning is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Elliot Meyerson , Risto Miikkulainen

Large Language Models (LLMs) face significant challenges in distributed healthcare, including consolidating specialized domain knowledge across institutions while maintaining privacy, reducing computational overhead, and preventing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Prakrit Timilsina , Anuj Nepal , Rajan Kadel , Robin Doss

Model merging is an efficient post-training strategy for integrating knowledge from multiple finetuned checkpoints of a shared foundation model. Existing methods operate in the parameter space, combining task vectors to mitigate conflicts,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Kexuan Shi , Yandong Wen , Weiyang Liu

Large language models (LLMs) have enabled the development of numerous specialized, task-specific variants. However, the maintenance and deployment of these individual models present substantial challenges in terms of resource utilization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Quy-Anh Dang , Chris Ngo

Merging models fine-tuned from a common, extensively pre-trained large model but specialized for different tasks has been demonstrated as a cheap and scalable strategy to construct a multi-task model that performs well across diverse tasks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Anke Tang , Li Shen , Yong Luo , Liang Ding , Han Hu , Bo Du , Dacheng Tao

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated remarkable proficiency in general multi-modal understanding; yet they struggle to efficiently acquire continually evolving domain-specific skills. Conventional approaches to enhancing VLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Zhiyu Xu , Lean Wang , Yuanxin Liu , Lei Li , Hao Zhou , Fandong Meng , Jie Zhou , Xu Sun