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Randomized controlled trials often suffer from interference, a violation of the Stable Unit Treatment Values Assumption (SUTVA) in which a unit's treatment assignment affects the outcomes of its neighbors. This interference causes bias in…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-02-06 Vydhourie Thiyageswaran , Tyler McCormick , Jennifer Brennan

Interference is ubiquitous when conducting causal experiments over networks. Except for certain network structures, causal inference on the network in the presence of interference is difficult due to the entanglement between the treatment…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-12-08 Chencheng Cai , Xu Zhang , Edoardo M. Airoldi

Online controlled experiments, such as A/B-tests, are commonly used by modern tech companies to enable continuous system improvements. Despite their paramount importance, A/B-tests are expensive: by their very definition, a percentage of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Shubham Baweja , Neeti Pokharna , Aleksei Ustimenko , Olivier Jeunen

We study efficiency improvements in randomized experiments for estimating a vector of potential outcome means using regression adjustment (RA) when there are more than two treatment levels. We show that linear RA which estimates separate…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-01-13 Akanksha Negi , Jeffrey M. Wooldridge

Treatment effect estimation can assist in effective decision-making in e-commerce, medicine, and education. One popular application of this estimation lies in the prediction of the impact of a treatment (e.g., a promotion) on an outcome…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Xiaofeng Lin , Guoxi Zhang , Xiaotian Lu , Han Bao , Koh Takeuchi , Hisashi Kashima

We propose a matching method that recovers direct treatment effects from randomized experiments where units are connected in an observed network, and units that share edges can potentially influence each others' outcomes. Traditional…

Regression adjustment, sometimes known as Controlled-experiment Using Pre-Experiment Data (CUPED), is an important technique in internet experimentation. It decreases the variance of effect size estimates, often cutting confidence interval…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-30 Daniel Ting , Kenneth Hung

Adaptive experimentation under unknown network interference requires solving two coupled problems: (i) learning the underlying dynamics of interference among units and (ii) using these dynamics to inform treatment allocation in order to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-13 Aidan Gleich , Eric Laber , Alexander Volfovsky

With the extensive use of digital devices, online experimental platforms are commonly used to conduct experiments to collect data for evaluating different variations of products, algorithms, and interface designs, a.k.a., A/B tests. In…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-09 Qiong Zhang , Lulu Kang , Xinwei Deng

There is currently a dearth of appropriate methods to estimate the causal effects of multiple treatments when the outcome is binary. For such settings, we propose the use of nonparametric Bayesian modeling, Bayesian Additive Regression…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-03-02 Chenyang Gu , Michael J. Lopez , Liangyuan Hu

Considerable interest has recently been focused on studying multiple phenotypes simultaneously in both epidemiological and genomic studies, either to capture the multidimensionality of complex disorders or to understand shared etiology of…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-11-26 Denis Agniel , Katherine P. Liao , Tianxi Cai

A key question in many network studies is whether the observed correlations between units are primarily due to contagion or latent confounding. Here, we study this question using a segregated graph (Shpitser, 2015) representation of these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Yufeng Wu , Rohit Bhattacharya

This paper investigates the case of interference, when a unit's treatment also affects other units' outcome. When interference is at work, policy evaluation mostly relies on the use of randomized experiments under cluster interference and…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-06-13 Laura Forastiere , Davide Del Prete , Valerio Leone Sciabolazza

We propose a novel regression adjustment method designed for estimating distributional treatment effect parameters in randomized experiments. Randomized experiments have been extensively used to estimate treatment effects in various…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-07-24 Undral Byambadalai , Tatsushi Oka , Shota Yasui

Estimation and inference for the Average Treatment Effect (ATE) is a cornerstone of causal inference and often serves as the foundation for developing procedures for more complicated settings. Although traditionally analyzed in a batch…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-10 Ojash Neopane , Aaditya Ramdas , Aarti Singh

High-dimensional biomarkers such as genomics are increasingly being measured in randomized clinical trials. Consequently, there is a growing interest in developing methods that improve the power to detect biomarker-treatment interactions.…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-04-30 Jixiong Wang , Ashish Patel , James M. S. Wason , Paul J. Newcombe

In modern statistics, interests shift from pursuing the uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimator to reducing mean squared error (MSE) or residual squared error. Shrinkage based estimation and regression methods offer better prediction…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-02-25 Tianyu Zhan , Haoda Fu , Jian Kang

Despite the versatility of generalized linear mixed models in handling complex experimental designs, they often suffer from misspecification and convergence problems. This makes inference on the values of coefficients problematic. To…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-31 Angela Andreella , Jelle Goeman , Jesse Hemerik , Livio Finos

A growing number of researchers are conducting randomized experiments to analyze causal relationships in network settings where units influence one another. A dominant methodology for analyzing these experiments is design-based, leveraging…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-30 Ambarish Chattopadhyay , Kosuke Imai , Jose R. Zubizarreta

Linear models are foundational tools in statistics and ubiquitous across the applied sciences. However, conventional statistical inference -- such as $t$-tests and $F$-tests -- are only valid at fixed sample sizes, making them unsuitable…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-08 Michael Lindon , Dae Woong Ham , Martin Tingley , Iavor Bojinov