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We investigate the ghostfree scalar-tensor theory with a timelike scalar field, with derivatives of the scalar field up to the third order and with the Riemann tensor up to the quadratic order. We build two types of linear spaces. One is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-11-11 Xian Gao

We construct the consistent ghost-free covariant scalar-vector-tensor gravity theories with second order equations of motion with derivative interactions. We impose locality, unitarity, Lorentz invariance and pseudo-Riemannian geometry as…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-11-07 Lavinia Heisenberg

We investigate the correspondence between generally covariant higher derivative scalar-tensor theory and spatially covariant gravity theory. The building blocks are the scalar field and spacetime curvature tensor together with their…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-10-07 Xian Gao , Yu-Min Hu

We revisit the problem of building the Lagrangian of a large class of metric theories that respect spatial covariance, which propagate at most two degrees of freedom and in particular no scalar mode. The Lagrangians are polynomials built of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-11-17 Yu-Min Hu , Xian Gao

We propose a covariant, gauge-independent construction of foliation-based scalar-tensor theories, yielding diffeomorphism-invariant operators involving only gradients on the hypersurfaces where the scalar field is constant, assumed to be…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-04-13 Mohammad Ali Gorji , Pavel Petrov , Karim Noui

We propose a new class of higher derivative scalar-tensor theories without the Ostrogradsky's ghost instabilities. The construction of our theory is originally motivated by a scalar field with spacelike gradient, which enables us to fix a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-03-05 Xian Gao , Masahide Yamaguchi , Daisuke Yoshida

In a four-dimensional space, I shall construct all of the conformally invariant scalar-tensor field theories, which are flat space compatible; i.e., well-defined and differentiable when evaluated for a flat metric tensor and constant scalar…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-06-16 Gregory W. Horndeski

We systematically construct ghost-free scalar-tensor theories whose Lagrangian includes up to third-order derivatives of the scalar field. Using a spatially covariant action written in terms of the ADM variables, we impose degeneracy and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-15 Masaki Michiwaki , Tsutomu Kobayashi

We make a full classification of scalar monomials built of the Riemann curvature tensor up to the quadratic order and of the covariant derivatives of the scalar field up to the third order. From the point of view of the effective field…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-03-27 Xian Gao

A necessary condition for a generally covariant scalar-tensor theory to be ghostfree is that it contains no extra degrees of freedom in the unitary gauge, in which the Lagrangian corresponds to the spatially covariant gravity. Comparing…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-02-23 Yu-Min Hu , Xian Gao

In this paper, we extend the collinear superspace formalism to include the full range of $\mathcal{N} = 1$ supersymmetric interactions. Building on the effective field theory rules developed in a companion paper - "Navigating Collinear…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-03-25 Timothy Cohen , Gilly Elor , Andrew J. Larkoski , Jesse Thaler

In this essay I show that there exists a new way to obtain scalar-tensor field theories by combining a special scalar field on the tangent bundle of a four-dimensional manifold with a scalar field on that manifold. These two scalar fields…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-10-12 Gregory W. Horndeski

Scalar fields play an important role in constructing modified gravity theories. In the case of a single scalar field with timelike gradient, the corresponding Lagrangian in the unitary gauge takes the form of spatially covariant gravity…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-07-23 Yang Yu , Zheng Chen , Xian Gao

We investigate a class of gravity theories respecting only spatial covariance, termed spatially covariant gravity, in the presence of an auxiliary scalar field. We examine the conditions on the Lagrangian required to eliminate scalar…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-03-25 Zhi-Chao Wang , Xian Gao

We investigate ghost-free vector-tensor theories in metric-affine geometry. In all of our analysis, we start with the Lagrangian containing up to quadratic terms of first-order derivatives of a vector field. To obtain ghost-free…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-11-21 Tact Ikeda

It is shown that, in the absence of matter fields, the coupling of a scalar field to the non-chiral Plebanski action can be obtained by relaxing the trace component of the simplicity constraints. This is realized by considering a subclass…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-11-07 D. Beke

We discuss a covariant extension of interactions between scalar fields and fermions in a flat space-time. We show, in a covariant theory, how to evade fermionic ghosts appearing because of the extra degrees of freedom behind a fermionic…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-09-12 Rampei Kimura , Yuki Sakakihara , Masahide Yamaguchi

In a four-dimensional space I shall construct all of the conformally invariant, scalar-vector-tensor field theories that are consistent with conservation of charge, and flat space compatible. By the last assumption I mean that the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-01-29 Gregory W. Horndeski

In this paper I shall show how the notions of Finsler geometry can be used to construct a similar geometry using a scalar field, f, on the cotangent bundle of a differentiable manifold M. This will enable me to use the second vertical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-03-23 Gregory W. Horndeski

We introduce a new set of effective field theory rules for constructing Lagrangians with $\mathcal{N} = 1$ supersymmetry in collinear superspace. In the standard superspace treatment, superfields are functions of the coordinates…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-03-25 Timothy Cohen , Gilly Elor , Andrew J. Larkoski , Jesse Thaler
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