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Despite achieving remarkable performance, machine translation (MT) research remains underexplored in terms of translating cultural elements in languages, such as idioms, proverbs, and colloquial expressions. This paper investigates the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Minghan Wang , Viet-Thanh Pham , Farhad Moghimifar , Thuy-Trang Vu

Multi-modal Large Language Model (MLLM) refers to a model expanded from a Large Language Model (LLM) that possesses the capability to handle and infer multi-modal data. Current MLLMs typically begin by using LLMs to decompose tasks into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Yongqiang Zhao , Zhenyu Li , Feng Zhang , Xinhai Xu , Donghong Liu

At the staggering pace with which the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) are increasing, creating future-proof evaluation sets to assess their understanding becomes more and more challenging. In this paper, we propose a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Xenia Ohmer , Elia Bruni , Dieuwke Hupkes

Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited remarkable performance in various natural language processing tasks. Techniques like instruction tuning have effectively enhanced the proficiency of LLMs in the downstream task of machine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Yutong Wang , Jiali Zeng , Xuebo Liu , Fandong Meng , Jie Zhou , Min Zhang

The challenge of slang translation lies in capturing context-dependent semantic extensions, as slang terms often convey meanings beyond their literal interpretation. While slang detection, explanation, and translation have been studied as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Yunlong Liang , Fandong Meng , Jiaan Wang , Jie Zhou

High-quality machine translation (MT) can scale to hundreds of languages, setting a high bar for multilingual systems. However, compared to the world's 7,000 languages, current systems still offer only limited coverage: about 200 languages…

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated their remarkable capabilities across various language tasks. Inspired by the success of text-to-text translation refinement, this paper investigates how LLMs can improve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Huaixia Dou , Xinyu Tian , Xinglin Lyu , Jie Zhu , Junhui Li , Lifan Guo

Multilingual generation with large language models (LLMs) is often of poor quality for mid- to low-resource languages, but the causes for this are not well-understood. We first demonstrate the existence of an implicit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Niyati Bafna , Tianjian Li , Kenton Murray , David R. Mortensen , David Yarowsky , Hale Sirin , Daniel Khashabi

Multilingual Large Language Models (LLMs) struggle with cross-lingual tasks due to data imbalances between high-resource and low-resource languages, as well as monolingual bias in pre-training. Existing methods, such as bilingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Weihua Zheng , Chang Liu , Zhengyuan Liu , Xin Huang , Kui Wu , Muhammad Huzaifah Md Shahrin , Aiti Aw , Roy Ka-Wei Lee

This paper provides a comprehensive survey of the latest research on multilingual large language models (MLLMs). MLLMs not only are able to understand and generate language across linguistic boundaries, but also represent an important…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Shaolin Zhu , Supryadi , Shaoyang Xu , Haoran Sun , Leiyu Pan , Menglong Cui , Jiangcun Du , Renren Jin , António Branco , Deyi Xiong

Multilingual machine translation enables a single model to translate between different languages. Most existing multilingual machine translation systems adopt a randomly initialized Transformer backbone. In this work, inspired by the recent…

We present the Language Interpretability Tool (LIT), an open-source platform for visualization and understanding of NLP models. We focus on core questions about model behavior: Why did my model make this prediction? When does it perform…

We investigate different approaches to translate between similar languages under low resource conditions, as part of our contribution to the WMT 2020 Similar Languages Translation Shared Task. We submitted Transformer-based bilingual and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-11 Ife Adebara , El Moatez Billah Nagoudi , Muhammad Abdul Mageed

While multilingual large language models generally perform adequately, and sometimes even rival English performance on high-resource languages (HRLs), they often significantly underperform on low-resource languages (LRLs). Among several…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Yilei Tu , Andrew Xue , Freda Shi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown great promise in multilingual machine translation (MT), even with limited bilingual supervision. However, fine-tuning LLMs with parallel corpora presents major challenges, namely parameter…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Bo Li , Tianyu Dong , Shaolin Zhu , Deyi Xiong

Based on multilingual pre-trained models, cross-lingual transfer with prompt learning has shown promising effectiveness, where soft prompt learned in a source language is transferred to target languages for downstream tasks, particularly in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Xiaoyu Qiu , Yuechen Wang , Jiaxin Shi , Wengang Zhou , Houqiang Li

The advancement of large language models (LLMs) has opened new frontiers in natural language processing, particularly in specialized domains like healthcare. In this paper, we propose the Incremental Curriculum-Based Fine-Tuning (ICFT)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Robert Long , Eric Gonzalez , Harrison Fuller

Reliable evaluation benchmarks designed for replicability and comprehensiveness have driven progress in machine learning. Due to the lack of a multilingual benchmark, however, vision-and-language research has mostly focused on English…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Emanuele Bugliarello , Fangyu Liu , Jonas Pfeiffer , Siva Reddy , Desmond Elliott , Edoardo Maria Ponti , Ivan Vulić

Large Language Models (LLMs) offer transformative potential for Modeling & Simulation (M&S) through natural language interfaces that simplify workflows. However, over-reliance risks compromising quality due to ambiguities, logical…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Philippe J. Giabbanelli , John Beverley , Istvan David , Andreas Tolk