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Current Large Language Models (LLMs) for understanding proteins primarily treats amino acid sequences as a text modality. Meanwhile, Protein Language Models (PLMs), such as ESM-2, have learned massive sequential evolutionary knowledge from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Nuowei Liu , Changzhi Sun , Tao Ji , Junfeng Tian , Jianxin Tang , Yuanbin Wu , Man Lan

In this paper, we present our approach to extracting structured information from unstructured Electronic Health Records (EHR) [2] which can be used to, for example, study adverse drug reactions in patients due to chemicals in their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-30 Amogh Kamat Tarcar , Aashis Tiwari , Vineet Naique Dhaimodker , Penjo Rebelo , Rahul Desai , Dattaraj Rao

Hierarchical text classification (HTC) is a complex subtask under multi-label text classification, characterized by a hierarchical label taxonomy and data imbalance. The best-performing models aim to learn a static representation by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Vidit Jain , Mukund Rungta , Yuchen Zhuang , Yue Yu , Zeyu Wang , Mu Gao , Jeffrey Skolnick , Chao Zhang

Designing RNA molecules has garnered recent interest in medicine, synthetic biology, biotechnology and bioinformatics since many functional RNA molecules were shown to be involved in regulatory processes for transcription, epigenetics and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-15 Frederic Runge , Danny Stoll , Stefan Falkner , Frank Hutter

Memory consolidation, the process by which transient experiences are transformed into stable, structured representations, is a foundational organizing principle in the human brain, yet it remains largely unexplored as a design principle for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Lungchuan Chen

Electronic Health Records (EHRs) contain rich temporal dynamics that conventional encoding approaches fail to adequately capture. While Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise for EHR modeling, they struggle to reason about sequential…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Zekai Chen , Arda Pekis , Kevin Brown

How do neural language models acquire a language's structure when trained for next-token prediction? We address this question by deriving theoretical scaling laws for neural network performance on synthetic datasets generated by the Random…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Francesco Cagnetta , Alessandro Favero , Antonio Sclocchi , Matthieu Wyart

The task of Named Entity Recognition (NER) is an important component of many natural language processing systems, such as relation extraction and knowledge graph construction. In this work, we present a simple and effective approach for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Urchade Zaratiana , Pierre Holat , Nadi Tomeh , Thierry Charnois

As retrieval-augmented generation prevails in large language models, embedding models are becoming increasingly crucial. Despite the growing number of general embedding models, prior work often overlooks the critical role of training data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Xinshuo Hu , Zifei Shan , Xinping Zhao , Zetian Sun , Zhenyu Liu , Dongfang Li , Shaolin Ye , Xinyuan Wei , Qian Chen , Baotian Hu , Haofen Wang , Jun Yu , Min Zhang

We introduce RHYTHM (Reasoning with Hierarchical Temporal Tokenization for Human Mobility), a framework that leverages large language models (LLMs) as spatio-temporal predictors and trajectory reasoners. RHYTHM partitions trajectories into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Haoyu He , Haozheng Luo , Yan Chen , Qi R. Wang

Pre-trained language models (PLM) are effective components of few-shot named entity recognition (NER) approaches when augmented with continued pre-training on task-specific out-of-domain data or fine-tuning on in-domain data. However, their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Yuxuan Chen , Jonas Mikkelsen , Arne Binder , Christoph Alt , Leonhard Hennig

Motivation: Codon optimization of Open Reading Frame (ORF) sequences is essential for enhancing mRNA stability and expression in applications like mRNA vaccines, where codon choice can significantly impact protein yield which directly…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-12-17 Shashank Pathak , Guohui Lin

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models fail systematically on long-horizon manipulation tasks despite strong short-horizon performance. We show that this failure is not resolved by extending context length alone in the current reactive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Zijian Zeng , Fei Ding , Huiming Yang , Xianwei Li

The utilization of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) for clinical risk prediction is on the rise. However, strict privacy regulations limit access to comprehensive health records, making it challenging to apply standard machine learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Angeela Acharya , Sulabh Shrestha , Anyi Chen , Joseph Conte , Sanja Avramovic , Siddhartha Sikdar , Antonios Anastasopoulos , Sanmay Das

This paper introduces MeLA, a Metacognitive LLM-Driven Architecture that presents a new paradigm for Automatic Heuristic Design (AHD). Traditional evolutionary methods operate directly on heuristic code; in contrast, MeLA evolves the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Zishang Qiu , Xinan Chen , Long Chen , Ruibin Bai

Antibodies safeguard our health through their precise and potent binding to specific antigens, demonstrating promising therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of numerous diseases, including COVID-19. Recent advancements in biomedical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Mingze Yin , Hanjing Zhou , Jialu Wu , Yiheng Zhu , Yuxuan Zhan , Zitai Kong , Hongxia Xu , Chang-Yu Hsieh , Jintai Chen , Tingjun Hou , Jian Wu

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit impressive performance on a range of NLP tasks, due to the general-purpose linguistic knowledge acquired during pretraining. Existing model interpretability research (Tenney et al., 2019) suggests that a…

Therapeutic antibodies are an essential and rapidly expanding drug modality. The binding specificity between antibodies and antigens is decided by complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) at the tips of these Y-shaped proteins. In this…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-11-29 Fang Wu , Stan Z. Li

Proteins, essential to biological systems, perform functions intricately linked to their three-dimensional structures. Understanding the relationship between protein structures and their amino acid sequences remains a core challenge in…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-11-04 Liang He , Peiran Jin , Yaosen Min , Shufang Xie , Lijun Wu , Tao Qin , Xiaozhuan Liang , Kaiyuan Gao , Yuliang Jiang , Tie-Yan Liu

The current pretraining paradigm for large language models relies on massive compute and internet-scale raw text, creating a significant barrier to foundational research. In contrast, biological systems demonstrate highly sample-efficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Guan Wang , Changling Liu , Chenyu Wang , Cai Zhou , Yuhao Sun , Yifei Wu , Shuai Zhen , Luca Scimeca , Yasin Abbasi Yadkori