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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities, leading to a significant increase in user demand for LLM services. However, cloud-based LLM services often suffer from high latency, unstable responsiveness, and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Jin Yang , Qiong Wu , Zhiying Feng , Zhi Zhou , Deke Guo , Xu Chen

Age of Information (AoI) has been proposed to quantify the freshness of information for emerging real-time applications such as remote monitoring and control in wireless networked control systems (WNCSs). Minimization of the average AoI and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Jie Cao , Xu Zhu , Sumei Sun , Ernest Kurniawan , Amnart Boonkajay

Age of information (AoI) is an effective performance metric measuring the freshness of information and is particularly suitable for applications involving status update. In this paper, using the age violation probability as the metric,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-11 Kuan-Yu Lin , Yu-Chih Huang , Yu-Pin Hsu

In this paper, we focus on a wireless-powered sensor network coordinated by a multi-antenna access point (AP). Each node can generate sensing information and report the latest information to the AP using the energy harvested from the AP's…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-29 Shimin Gong , Leiyang Cui , Bo Gu , Bin Lyu , Dinh Thai Hoang , Dusit Niyato

Age of Information (AoI) has become an important concept in communications, as it allows system designers to measure the freshness of the information available to remote monitoring or control processes. However, its definition tacitly…

Timely message delivery is a key enabler for Internet of Things (IoT) and cyber-physical systems to support wide range of context-dependent applications. Conventional time-related metrics, such as delay, fails to characterize the timeliness…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-01-31 Mustafa Emara , Hesham ElSawy , Gerhard Bauch

Age-of-Information (AoI) is an application layer metric that has been widely adopted to quantify the information freshness of each information source. However, few works address the impact of probabilistic transmission failures on…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-08-03 Ziyao Huang , Weiwei Wu , Chenchen Fu , Vincent Chau , Xiang Liu , Jianping Wang , Junzhou Luo

Age-of-Information (AoI) is a performance metric for scheduling systems that measures the freshness of the data available at the intended destination. AoI is formally defined as the time elapsed since the destination received the recent…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-20 Archiki Prasad , Vishal Jain , Sharayu Moharir

The freshness of status updates is imperative in mission-critical Internet of things (IoT) applications. Recently, Age of Information (AoI) has been proposed to measure the freshness of updates at the receiver. However, AoI only…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Wenrui Lin , Xijun Wang , Chao Xu , Xinghua Sun , Xiang Chen

The 5G Phase-2 and beyond wireless systems will focus more on vertical applications such as autonomous driving and industrial Internet-of-things, many of which are categorized as ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications (uRLLC). In this…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-12-04 Zhiyuan Jiang , Siyu Fu , Sheng Zhou , Zhisheng Niu , Shunqing Zhang , Shugong Xu

Age of information (AoI) has been proposed as a more suitable metric for characterizing the freshness of information than traditional metrics like delay and throughput. However, the calculation of AoI requires complex analysis and strict…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Licheng Chen , Yunquan Dong

This paper investigates the problem of minimizing the Age of Incorrect Information (AoII) when the communication channel has a random delay. We consider a slotted-time system where a transmitter observes a dynamic source and decides when to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-01-19 Yutao Chen , Anthony Ephremides

With the rapid development of low-altitude wireless networking, autonomous aerial vehicles (AAVs) have emerged as critical enablers for timely and reliable data delivery, particularly in remote or underserved areas. In this context, the age…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Zifan Lang , Guixia Liu , Jiahui Li , Geng Sun , Zemin Sun , Jiacheng Wang , Dusit Niyato , Victor C. M. Leung

In Internet of Things (IoTs), the freshness of system status information is crucial for real-time monitoring and decision-making. This paper studies the transmission scheduling problem in wireless monitoring systems, where information…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Yuchong Zhang , Yi Cao , Xianghui Cao

Information freshness is a status update timeliness indicator of utmost importance to several real-time applications, such as connected and autonomous driving. The Ageof- Information (AoI) metric is widely considered as useful to quantify…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-03-06 Mustafa Emara , Miltiades C. Filippou , Dario Sabella

Age of information (AoI) measures information freshness at the receiver. AoI may provide insights into quality of service in communication systems. For this reason, it has been used as a cross-layer metric for wireless communication…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-06 Onur Ayan , H. Murat Gürsu , Sandra Hirche , Wolfgang Kellerer

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are a highly promising technology with diverse applications in wireless networks. One of their primary uses is the collection of time-sensitive data from Internet of Things (IoT) devices. In UAV-assisted…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-12-27 Mouhamed Naby Ndiaye , El Houcine Bergou , Hajar El Hammouti

We consider a transmitter-receiver pair in a slotted-time system. The transmitter observes a dynamic source and sends updates to a remote receiver through an error-free communication channel that suffers a random delay. We consider two…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Yutao Chen , Anthony Ephremides

In this article, we provide an accessible introduction to the emerging idea of Age of Information (AoI) that quantifies freshness of information and explore its possible role in the efficient design of freshness-aware Internet of Things…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-12-10 Mohamed A. Abd-Elmagid , Nikolaos Pappas , Harpreet S. Dhillon

Timely status updating is crucial for future applications that involve remote monitoring and control, such as autonomous driving and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). Age of Information (AoI) has been proposed to measure the freshness…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-01-29 Xi Zheng , Sheng Zhou , Zhisheng Niu
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