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Recent studies have demonstrated that large language models (LLMs) exhibit significant biases in evaluation tasks, particularly in preferentially rating and favoring self-generated content. However, the extent to which this bias manifests…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Yen-Shan Chen , Jing Jin , Peng-Ting Kuo , Chao-Wei Huang , Yun-Nung Chen

While attribution methods, such as Shapley values, are widely used to explain the importance of features or training data in traditional machine learning, their application to Large Language Models (LLMs), particularly within…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Ikhtiyor Nematov , Tarik Kalai , Elizaveta Kuzmenko , Gabriele Fugagnoli , Dimitris Sacharidis , Katja Hose , Tomer Sagi

LLMs can help humans working with long documents, but are known to hallucinate. Attribution can increase trust in LLM responses: The LLM provides evidence that supports its response, which enhances verifiability. Existing approaches to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Jan Buchmann , Xiao Liu , Iryna Gurevych

Large Language Models (LLMs)-based question answering (QA) systems play a critical role in modern AI, demonstrating strong performance across various tasks. However, LLM-generated responses often suffer from hallucinations, unfaithful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Yuqing Zhao , Ziyao Liu , Yongsen Zheng , Kwok-Yan Lam

Recently, the emergence of large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized the paradigm of information retrieval (IR) applications, especially in web search, by generating vast amounts of human-like texts on the Internet. As a result, IR…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Sunhao Dai , Yuqi Zhou , Liang Pang , Weihao Liu , Xiaolin Hu , Yong Liu , Xiao Zhang , Gang Wang , Jun Xu

Large language models (LLMs) power deep research agents that synthesize information from hundreds of web sources into cited reports, yet these citations cannot be reliably verified. Current approaches either trust models to self-cite…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Hailey Onweller , Elias Lumer , Austin Huber , Pia Ramchandani , Vamse Kumar Subbiah , Corey Feld

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to document-based tasks - such as document summarization, question answering, and information extraction - where user requirements focus on retrieving information from provided…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Vipula Rawte , Ryan A. Rossi , Franck Dernoncourt , Nedim Lipka

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a powerful application of Large Language Models (LLMs), revolutionizing information search and consumption. RAG systems combine traditional search capabilities with LLMs to generate…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Harsh Maheshwari , Srikanth Tenneti , Alwarappan Nakkiran

With the enhancement in the field of generative artificial intelligence (AI), contextual question answering has become extremely relevant. Attributing model generations to the input source document is essential to ensure trustworthiness and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Anirudh Phukan , Shwetha Somasundaram , Apoorv Saxena , Koustava Goswami , Balaji Vasan Srinivasan

Attribution theory explains how individuals interpret and attribute others' behavior in a social context by employing personal (dispositional) and impersonal (situational) causality. Large Language Models (LLMs), trained on human-generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Hossein Salemi , Jitin Krishnan , Hemant Purohit

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is an effective approach to enhance the factual accuracy of large language models (LLMs) by retrieving information from external databases, which are typically composed of diverse sources, to supplement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Jeongyeon Hwang , Junyoung Park , Hyejin Park , Dongwoo Kim , Sangdon Park , Jungseul Ok

Language models (LMs) now excel at many tasks such as few-shot learning, question answering, reasoning, and dialog. However, they sometimes generate unsupported or misleading content. A user cannot easily determine whether their outputs are…

The rapid integration of large language models (LLMs) into everyday workflows has transformed how individuals perform cognitive tasks such as writing, programming, analysis, and multilingual communication. While prior research has focused…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Hyunwoo Kim , Harin Yu , Hanau Yi

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in data synthesis but can be inaccurate in domain-specific tasks, which retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems address by leveraging user-provided data. However, RAGs require optimization in both…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Kazi Ahmed Asif Fuad , Lizhong Chen

The increasing popularity of Large Language Models (LLMs) in recent years has changed the way users interact with and pose questions to AI-based conversational systems. An essential aspect for increasing the trustworthiness of generated LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Juraj Vladika , Luca Mülln , Florian Matthes

A recent focus of large language model (LLM) development, as exemplified by generative search engines, is to incorporate external references to generate and support its claims. However, evaluating the attribution, i.e., verifying whether…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Xiang Yue , Boshi Wang , Ziru Chen , Kai Zhang , Yu Su , Huan Sun

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) has gained popularity as a method for conveniently incorporating novel facts that were not seen during the pre-training stage in Large Language Model (LLM)-based Natural Language Generation (NLG)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Tianhui Zhang , Yi Zhou , Danushka Bollegala

Large Language Models (LLMs) enhanced with Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) have achieved substantial improvements in accuracy by grounding their responses in external documents that are relevant to the user's query. However, relatively…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Mahdi Dehghan , Graham McDonald

As more content generated by large language models (LLMs) floods into the Internet, information retrieval (IR) systems now face the challenge of distinguishing and handling a blend of human-authored and machine-generated texts. Recent…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Wei Huang , Keping Bi , Yinqiong Cai , Wei Chen , Jiafeng Guo , Xueqi Cheng

Trustworthy answer content is abundant in many high-resource languages and is instantly accessible through question answering systems, yet this content can be hard to access for those that do not speak these languages. The leap forward in…

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